{"id":"MUS2026-341","label":"Maxakali panandóad voice-of-the-dead rig","people_or_site":"Maxakali","country_current":"Brazil","historic_region":"Itanhém region, Minas Gerais / Bahia borderlands","macroregion":"South America / Brazil","local_name":"panandóad","source_term":"Vinare","source_language":"Swedish","object_description":"A 48 cm broad wooden blade with single perforation, cord and wooden handle.","function_summary":"Within the yami cult, men and initiated older boys sounded the dead souls' voices from the men's house; women and small boys heard the nocturnal howling, and the object's name was withheld from the uninitiated.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"smvk_1946_03_0049","source_type":"museum_collection","source_url":"https://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-vkm/web/object/52315","page_or_plate":"1946.03.0049","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Broad Itanhém-region anchor; the exact village is not supplied.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"After dark the howling came from the men's house, and the women and small boys outside were given to understand that it was the dead. Inside, initiated men and older boys were making that voice with rigs like this one — a broad blade of wood, a cord, a handle. Even the word was held back: the uninitiated were not to learn that the sound had a name, let alone that the name was panandóad. Working among the last Maxakali in 1938-39, Nimuendajú found their roarers sorted by size and called men, women and boys, kept in the men's house beside the bast-fringe costumes that hid a dancer completely. A newly initiated boy who gave the secret away was beaten for it.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"panandóad: the Maxakali name for the bullroarer — a word withheld from women and from the uninitiated.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice","initiation","women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Världskulturmuseerna 1946.03.0049; wood, cord and handle; Maxakali yami-cult documentation","url":"https://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-vkm/web/object/52315","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220812230037/https://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-vkm/web/object/52315"}],"source_citations":"Världskulturmuseerna 1946.03.0049; wood, cord and handle; Maxakali yami-cult documentation","source_display":"Världskulturmuseerna 1946.03.0049; wood, cord and handle; Maxakali yami-cult documentation","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A 48 cm broad wooden blade with single perforation, cord and wooden handle.","function_display":"Within the yami cult, men and initiated older boys sounded the dead souls' voices from the men's house; women and small boys heard the nocturnal howling, and the object's name was withheld from the uninitiated.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"maxakali","display_name":"Maxakali panandóad voice-of-the-dead rig","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest2/MUS2026-341_smvk_1946-03-0049.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest2/thumbs/MUS2026-341_smvk_1946-03-0049_thumb.jpg","credit":"Statens museer för världskultur (1946.03.0049)","license":"CC BY 4.0","source_page":"https://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-vkm/web/object/52315","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"The Maxakali rig: pale blade, cord, and wrapped handle stick.","last_modified":"2026-09-01"},"slug":"mus2026-341-maxakali"}