{"id":"MUS2026-146","label":"Ngiemboon màndelevûm nkyɛ̀ bullroarer, Bamougong","people_or_site":"Ngiemboon / Bamougong","country_current":"Cameroon","historic_region":"West Region / Bamboutos / Bamougong (Batcham district)","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"màndelevûm nkyɛ̀","source_term":"bullroarer / rhombe","source_language":"English / French","object_description":"Flat wooden plaque suspended from a cord and whirled through the air.","function_summary":"Sounded by the Ngiemboon secret societies.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"BLENCH2009_NGIEMBOON_MANDELEVUM","source_type":"ethnomusicology_field_inventory","source_url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240527230152id_/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/Grassfields/Mbam%20Nkam/Bamileke/Ngiemboon/Lexical%20data/Ngiemboon%20musical%20instruments.pdf","page_or_plate":"Blench 2009, p. 6; Blench Cameroun guide, p. 38 / Photo 82","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Bamougong populated-place coordinate. The source says the Ngiemboon list was made in Mbouda and Bamougong; this is a fieldwork-community anchor, not a specimen findspot.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"In Bamougong, the màndelevûm nkyɛ̀ was a flat wooden plaque sent circling overhead on a cord until it roared — an instrument of the Ngiemboon secret societies. The linguist Roger Blench, who printed a drawing of its severe, stripped-down form, caught the name's fine print too: màndelevûm alone is a spinning-disc any child may play with; only with nkyɛ̀ attached does the word name the plaque that belonged to the societies.","pull_quote":"Bullroarer used for secret societies.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Roger Blench, Ngiemboon musical instruments (2009), p. 6.","term_gloss":"màndelevûm nkyɛ̀: the Ngiemboon bullroarer of the secret societies; màndelevûm alone, or màndʉ̂avûm, is a children's spinning-disc.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Roger Blench, 'Ngiemboon musical instruments' (Mbouda, 11-12 March 2009), p. 6; Roger Blench, 'Musical Instruments of Cameroun', p. 38","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240527230152id_/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Niger-Congo/Bantoid/Grassfields/Mbam%20Nkam/Bamileke/Ngiemboon/Lexical%20data/Ngiemboon%20musical%20instruments.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Roger Blench, 'Ngiemboon musical instruments' (Mbouda, 11-12 March 2009), p. 6; Roger Blench, 'Musical Instruments of Cameroun', p. 38","source_display":"Roger Blench, 'Ngiemboon musical instruments' (Mbouda, 11-12 March 2009), p. 6; Roger Blench, 'Musical Instruments of Cameroun', p. 38","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Flat wooden plaque suspended from a cord and whirled through the air.","function_display":"Sounded by the Ngiemboon secret societies.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"ngiemboon","display_name":"Ngiemboon màndelevûm nkyɛ̀ bullroarer, Bamougong","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-146_mus2026-146-ngiemboon-blench-photo82.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-146_mus2026-146-ngiemboon-blench-photo82_thumb.jpg","alt":"Drawing of a Ngiemboon bullroarer for the Ngiemboon dictionary: a long tapered blade crosshatched across its face, with a cord tied at one end and a loop at its free end.","credit":"Ngiemboon dictionary, reproduced in Roger Blench, Musical instruments of Cameroun (2009), p. 38, Photo 82","license":"Rights reserved; no image reuse licence stated. Circulation draft says citation requires reference to the author; rehosted for non-commercial research.","source_page":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250222104553id_/https://www.rogerblench.info/Ethnomusicology/Papers/Africa/Cameroun/Cameroun%20musical%20instruments%20book.pdf#page=49","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"A Ngiemboon bullroarer, as drawn for the Ngiemboon dictionary."},"slug":"mus2026-146-ngiemboon-bamougong"}