{"id":"MUS2026-113","label":"Kuikuro roarer swung in the open","people_or_site":"Kuikuro","country_current":"Brazil","historic_region":"Upper Xingu, Mato Grosso","macroregion":"South America / Amazonia","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"Portuguese","object_description":"Two Kuikuro bull-roarers, 31.2 and 29.2 cm: oblong wooden blades painted black, red and white; the shorter with a notched butt and red-dyed cotton cord.","function_summary":"Whirled openly at Upper Xingu mask dances, and otherwise a toy.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"deeper_harvest","source_type":"museum_collection","source_url":"https://tainacan.museudoindio.gov.br/museu-do-indio/7698-2/","page_or_plate":"von den Steinen 1894, p. 327 (Nahuqua open use + matapu/matahu names), with pp. 307, 328, 497 (via Zerries 1953, Rev. Museu Paulista N.S. VII, pp. 281-283); Tainacan items 52448 / 52433","map_confidence":"low","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"approximate culture/locality centroid","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Carib-speaking Kuikuro and their Upper Xingu neighbours the bull-roarer keeps strikingly modest company. The secrecy and the dread of being seen by women belong to the great hardwood kagutu flutes; the roarer, by contrast, von den Steinen watched the Nahuqua sound on the open village plaza \"in all unconcern, as they would any everyday tool, and without the women being driven off.\" On the Kulisehu river it served the merry mask dances, and it doubled, he noted, as a plaything. The two Museu do Índio boards, oblong and painted in black, red and white, are such roarers; their voice in Xingu life is the cheerful, public one, not the funeral secret von den Steinen would meet only further off among the Bororo, whose women would die merely from seeing it. Even the roarer's ornament answered to its sound: Kulisehu painters gave roarers the image of the hissing snake, as they gave flutes the fluting monkey.","pull_quote":"Das schmale Brett, an einem Strick durch die Luft geschwungen, erzeugt ein brummendes oder schwirrendes Geräusch, das einen etwas unheimlichen Eindruck macht, weil es wie von selbst stärker anzuschwellen scheint, und kann dabei mit einer Wucht sausen oder heulen, die man hinter dem unscheinbaren und simpeln Ding nicht erwarten würde.","pull_quote_translation":"The narrow board, swung through the air on a cord, makes a humming or whirring noise with a somewhat uncanny effect, because it seems to swell louder as if of its own accord, and it can rush or howl with a force no one would expect of so plain and simple a thing.","pull_quote_cite":"von den Steinen 1894, p. 327, on the Upper Xingu bull-roarer (Schwirrholz)","term_gloss":"matapu / matahu (Mehinaku-Nahuqua), zunidor (Portuguese): the Upper Xingu bull-roarer, a flat oblong or fish-shaped board whirled on a cord; among the Bakairi called yelo/iyelo, the word for thunder and lightning.","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["snake","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":true,"sources":[{"citation":"Karl von den Steinen, Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1894), pp. 294, 307, 327-328, 497"},{"citation":"Museu do Índio / FUNAI, Gerhard Baer Collection (1959), inv. 7697, Tainacan item 52448"},{"citation":"Museu do Índio / FUNAI, Gerhard Baer Collection (1959), inv. 7698, Tainacan item 52433","url":"https://tainacan.museudoindio.gov.br/museu-do-indio/7698-2/","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013021234/https://tainacan.museudoindio.gov.br/museu-do-indio/7698-2/"},{"citation":"Otto Zerries, 'The Bull-roarer among South American Indians,' Revista do Museu Paulista n.s. 7 (1953), pp. 281-283"}],"source_citations":"Karl von den Steinen, Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1894), pp. 294, 307, 327-328, 497; Museu do Índio / FUNAI, Gerhard Baer Collection (1959), inv. 7697, Tainacan item 52448; Museu do Índio / FUNAI, Gerhard Baer Collection (1959), inv. 7698, Tainacan item 52433; Otto Zerries, 'The Bull-roarer among South American Indians,' Revista do Museu Paulista n.s. 7 (1953), pp. 281-283","source_display":"Karl von den Steinen, Unter den Naturvölkern Zentral-Brasiliens (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1894), pp. 294, 307, 327-328, 497; Museu do Índio / FUNAI, Gerhard Baer Collection (1959), inv. 7697, Tainacan item 52448; Museu do Índio / FUNAI, Gerhard Baer Collection (1959), inv. 7698, Tainacan item 52433; Otto Zerries, 'The Bull-roarer among South American…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Two Kuikuro bull-roarers, 31.2 and 29.2 cm: oblong wooden blades painted black, red and white; the shorter with a notched butt and red-dyed cotton cord.","function_display":"Whirled openly at Upper Xingu mask dances, and otherwise a toy.","confidence_display":"low","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"kuikuro","display_name":"Kuikuro roarer swung in the open","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-113_museudoindio_7697-7698_kuikuro.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-113_museudoindio_7697-7698_kuikuro_thumb.jpg","alt":"Two Kuikuro zunidores painted with dark triangles, strung with cotton cord.","credit":"Museu do Índio / Museu Nacional dos Povos Indígenas (FUNAI), inv. 7697 & 7698","license":"No open licence stated — attribution/research use","source_page":"https://tainacan.museudoindio.gov.br/museu-do-indio/7697-2/","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Two Kuikuro zunidores painted with dark triangles, strung with cotton cord."},"slug":"mus2026-113-kuikuro"}