{"id":"MUS2026-101","label":"Burunga, purely a toy","people_or_site":"Maria Gond","country_current":"India","historic_region":"Bastar, Chhattisgarh","macroregion":"South Asia","local_name":"Burunga (halbi)","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"French","object_description":"A wooden blade 15 cm long, tied by a cord to a 53 cm stick.","function_summary":"A boys' toy, whirled until it roars.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"europe_direct","source_type":"museum_collection","source_url":"https://collections.quaibranly.fr/ccProxy.ashx?action=get&command=search&query=/Record/ccObjectID=274061","page_or_plate":"Quai Branly object record 274061 (inv. 71.1979.20.19.1-2); provenance cross-ref CREM-CNRS collection CNRSMH_E_1980_009_001 | Grigson 1938, p. 183 and glossary","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Representative anchor for the Maria Gond of southern Bastar, near the Dandami Maria language area (Glottolog); the collecting village, Gotpal in Dantewada, is not mapped.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"For the Maria Gonds of Bastar, the bull-roarer was a thing for boys. Grigson watched Hill Maria lads cut them from a strip of split bamboo, point one end, notch it for a bark string looped round a finger, and whirl the blade counter-clockwise until it roared — \"purely a toy,\" he decided, with \"no religious or magical significance.\" This wooden example, called Burunga in Halbi, was collected at Gotpal by the ethnomusicologist Geneviève Dournon and passed from the Musée de l'Homme to the Quai Branly.","pull_quote":"It seems to be purely a toy, and to have no religious or magical significance. At various camps the lads present made them on request; none were holed at the bottom.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"W. V. Grigson, The Maria Gonds of Bastar (1938), p. 183","term_gloss":"Burunga: the Halbi-language name recorded for this bull-roarer (rhombe) among the Maria/Muria Gond of Bastar.","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac, object 274061, inv. 71.1979.20.19.1-2: bull-roarer and its stick, local name Burunga (Halbi), Maria/Muria Gond of Gotpal, Dantewada, Bastar; collected by Geneviève Dournon, from the Musée de l'Homme","url":"https://collections.quaibranly.fr/?action=search&field=/Record/ObjectNumber&label=N%C2%B0%20de%20gestion&value=71.1979.20.19.1-2","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013020948/https://collections.quaibranly.fr/?action=search&field=/Record/ObjectNumber&label=N%C2%B0%20de%20gestion&value=71.1979.20.19.1-2"},{"citation":"W. V. Grigson, The Maria Gonds of Bastar (1938), p. 183","url":"https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/19234/GIPE-011397.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=3","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013021012/https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/19234/GIPE-011397.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=3"}],"source_citations":"Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac, object 274061, inv. 71.1979.20.19.1-2: bull-roarer and its stick, local name Burunga (Halbi), Maria/Muria Gond of Gotpal, Dantewada, Bastar; collected by Geneviève Dournon, from the Musée de l'Homme; W. V. Grigson, The Maria Gonds of Bastar (1938), p. 183","source_display":"Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac, object 274061, inv. 71.1979.20.19.1-2: bull-roarer and its stick, local name Burunga (Halbi), Maria/Muria Gond of Gotpal, Dantewada, Bastar; collected by Geneviève Dournon, from the Musée de l'Homme; W. V. Grigson, The Maria Gonds of Bastar (1938), p. 183","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A wooden blade 15 cm long, tied by a cord to a 53 cm stick.","function_display":"A boys' toy, whirled until it roars.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"maria gond","display_name":"Burunga, purely a toy","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-101_mus2026-101-maria-gond-burunga.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-101_mus2026-101-maria-gond-burunga_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Gond burunga from Gotpal, Bastar: a long wooden handle below a separate flat blade, linked by cord that loops around the handle.","credit":"© Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac, 71.1979.20.19.1-2; Geneviève Dournon collection","license":"Rights reserved (© Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac); museum requires express reproduction authorization. Proposed rehost for non-commercial research.","source_page":"https://collections.quaibranly.fr/ccProxy.ashx?action=get&command=search&query=274061&range=1-10&fields=*&responseformat=json","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Burunga with cord and handle, Gotpal, Bastar."},"slug":"mus2026-101-maria-gond"}