{"id":"MUS2026-001","label":"Kalapalo matapu, hidden from women","people_or_site":"Apalakiri (Kalapalo)","country_current":"Brazil","historic_region":"Upper Xingu, Mato Grosso","macroregion":"South America / Brazil","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"","function_summary":"A men's sacred instrument, hidden from women.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"smithsonian_nmai","source_type":"museum_collection","source_url":"http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6ca7fb332","page_or_plate":"National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI)","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"approximate culture/locality centroid","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"A carved and painted wooden bull-roarer of the Kalapalo (Apalakiri), about 29 centimeters long, from the Upper Xingu of Mato Grosso and now in the National Museum of the American Indian, where it hangs in the Amazonia section of the \"Infinity of Nations\" exhibition; it was donated to the museum in 1998 by the Amanaka'a Amazon Network, a New York nonprofit that worked with Amazonian communities. In the Upper Xingu the bull-roarer belongs to the men's ritual complex centered on the small house in the middle of the village plaza, where the men keep their sacred wind instruments, which women must not see. Among the neighboring Mehinaku, Thomas Gregor found that the hummer has a spirit of its own, matapu, one of the spirits who own the pequi groves, honored with a three-day rite. In the wider region the sanction for a woman who sees the sacred flutes is rape.","pull_quote":"Among the spirit-owners of the plantations is matapu, the spirit of the hummer, the focus of an important ritual that lasts three days. In the course of this ritual, the inhabitants of the village make hummers (an object comprised of a stick with a wooden plate at the end which, when swung around, produces a humming noise) that are hung up in the men's houses and kept at a distance from the women of the village.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Thomas Gregor, \"Mehinako,\" Povos Indígenas no Brasil (Instituto Socioambiental)","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice","snake","women_taboo","agriculture"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":true,"sources":[{"citation":"Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, ark:/65665/ws6ca7fb332","url":"http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6ca7fb332"}],"source_citations":"Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, ark:/65665/ws6ca7fb332","source_display":"Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, ark:/65665/ws6ca7fb332","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"","function_display":"A men's sacred instrument, hidden from women.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"apalakiri","display_name":"Kalapalo matapu, hidden from women","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-001_nmai_25-4957_kalapalo.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-001_nmai_25-4957_kalapalo_thumb.jpg","credit":"National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (25/4957)","license":"Usage Conditions Apply (NMAI)","source_page":"https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_270823","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Kalapalo matapu painted with turtle, fish, and diamond-backed snake motifs."},"slug":"mus2026-001-apalakiri-kalapalo"}