{"id":"LOEB1929-028","label":"Arapaho toy or wind bullroarer","people_or_site":"Arapaho","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Great Plains / Arapaho","macroregion":"North America / Plains","local_name":"hateikuuca","source_term":"\"hateikuuca\"","source_language":"Arapaho (Algonquian; Plains)","object_description":"A notched bone blade a little more than an inch wide and four or five inches long, cut square at the string end and deeply notched at the other, with about a dozen notches down each side; tied to a two-foot thong on a stick of equal length.","function_summary":"A toy, also thought to produce wind.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"loeb1929","source_type":"comparative_secondary","source_url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/82839/files/ucp025-004.pdf","page_or_plate":"pp. 271, 284","map_confidence":"low_medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"representative coordinate for named people, place, or region in Loeb","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Arapaho the bullroarer was a toy: a notched blade of bone only four or five inches long, tied to a two-foot thong and swung from a stick. Whirled fast it roared like a bull or distant thunder, and it was thought to make wind. Its name, hateikuuca, it shared with a buzzer of cow's foot-bone that was sometimes used in the Ghost Dance to start the singing. Among the closely related Gros Ventre, Kroeber found the bull-roarer and the buzzer to be only children's toys, both called nakaantan, \"making cold\" — the same word the Gros Ventre gave to the thermometer — which he traced to the widespread idea that the bull-roarer breeds wind. The Arapaho stood at the northern edge of the Plains bullroarer, as Edwin Loeb mapped it: here it still made wind, where among the Gros Ventre and Paiute it was only a toy.","pull_quote":"If this specimen is typical of the Arapaho bull-roarer, the implement is quite different in form from the longer, pointed wooden bull-roarer of the Gros Ventre.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"A. L. Kroeber, The Arapaho, IV: Religion (Bulletin AMNH 18, 1907), p. 396","term_gloss":"","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["weather","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"A. L. Kroeber, The Arapaho, IV: Religion (Bulletin AMNH 18, 1907), p. 396, fig. 153; Edwin M. Loeb, 'Tribal Initiations and Secret Societies,' University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 25(3) (1929): 249-288, at pp. 271 and 284","url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/82839/files/ucp025-004.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250411091854/https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/82839/files/ucp025-004.pdf"}],"source_citations":"A. L. Kroeber, The Arapaho, IV: Religion (Bulletin AMNH 18, 1907), p. 396, fig. 153; Edwin M. Loeb, 'Tribal Initiations and Secret Societies,' University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 25(3) (1929): 249-288, at pp. 271 and 284","source_display":"A. L. Kroeber, The Arapaho, IV: Religion (Bulletin AMNH 18, 1907), p. 396, fig. 153; Edwin M. Loeb, 'Tribal Initiations and Secret Societies,' University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 25(3) (1929): 249-288, at pp. 271 and 284","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A notched bone blade a little more than an inch wide and four or five inches long, cut square at the string end and deeply notched at the other, with about a dozen notches down each side; tied to a two-foot thong on a stick of equal length.","function_display":"A toy, also thought to produce wind.","confidence_display":"low to medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"arapaho","display_name":"Arapaho toy or wind bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/LOEB1929-028_kroeber1907_fig153.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/LOEB1929-028_kroeber1907_fig153_thumb.jpg","alt":"Kroeber’s drawing of an Arapaho bullroarer model: a small oblong blade hangs on a cord beside its long straight handle stick.","credit":"A. L. Kroeber, The Arapaho (Bulletin AMNH 18, 1907), fig. 153","license":"Public domain (published 1907)","source_page":"https://archive.org/details/bulletin-american-museum-natural-history-18-279-454","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Kroeber’s drawing of an Arapaho bullroarer model on its handle stick.","additional":[{"full":"assets/objects/LOEB1929-028_mooney1896_fig93.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/LOEB1929-028_mooney1896_fig93_thumb.jpg","alt":"Mooney's plate: (a) a Ghost Dance hummer of buffalo-hoof bone on two strings; (b) a notched bullroarer on one.","credit":"James Mooney, The Ghost-Dance Religion (1896), fig. 93","license":"Public domain (published 1896)","source_page":"https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/91672","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Mooney's plate: (a) a Ghost Dance hummer of buffalo-hoof bone on two strings; (b) a notched bullroarer on one."}]},"slug":"loeb1929-028-arapaho"}