{"id":"KUNST1942-001","label":"Ternate bubuwas","people_or_site":"Ternate","country_current":"Indonesia","historic_region":"Ternate, North Moluccas","macroregion":"Southeast Asia / Indonesia","local_name":"bubuwas","source_term":"Schwirrholz / bullroarer","source_language":"German / English","object_description":"A flat bamboo lath pierced at one end for its cord, of the Flores type, but noticeably larger than the Flores, Alor, Java and Nias examples.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"kunst1942_music_in_flores","source_type":"comparative_secondary","source_url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=C8oUAAAAIAAJ","page_or_plate":"Kunst 1942, p. 158 n. 302 (Batavia Museum B.G. No. 851); MGG 1st ed. VI, col. 1195 (running head '1195 1196 Indonesische Musik'); Aussereuropäische Musik in Einzeldarstellungen (1980), p. 355; Kunst, Indonesian Music and Dance (1994), p. 191","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Ternate island, North Maluku; no finer locality is given by any source.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The Ternate roarer is a bamboo lath of the ordinary Indonesian pattern — flat, pierced at one end for its cord — but bigger than any of its relatives. Set beside the roarers of Flores, Alor, Java and Nias, the bubuwas of the North Moluccas is the outsized member of the family. The name belongs to Ternate itself.","pull_quote":"Schwirrholz (bubuwas), welches dem genannten Instr. von Flores, Alor, Java und Nias ähnelt, aber größere Maße hat.","pull_quote_translation":"Bullroarer (bubuwas), which resembles the said instrument from Flores, Alor, Java and Nias, but is larger in size.","pull_quote_cite":"Jaap Kunst, 'Indonesische Musik', Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 1st ed., vol. 6, col. 1195","term_gloss":"bubuwas: the Ternate (North Moluccas) name for the bullroarer, recorded by Kunst from a Batavia Museum specimen.","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Jaap Kunst, Music in Flores (Leiden: Brill, 1942), p. 158","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=C8oUAAAAIAAJ","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013013853/https://books.google.com/books?id=C8oUAAAAIAAJ"},{"citation":"Jaap Kunst, 'Indonesische Musik', Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 1st ed., vol. 6, col. 1195; reprinted in Aussereuropäische Musik in Einzeldarstellungen (1980), p. 355, and in English as Indonesian Music and Dance (Amsterdam, 1994), p. 191","url":""}],"source_citations":"Jaap Kunst, Music in Flores (Leiden: Brill, 1942), p. 158; Jaap Kunst, 'Indonesische Musik', Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 1st ed., vol. 6, col. 1195; reprinted in Aussereuropäische Musik in Einzeldarstellungen (1980), p. 355, and in English as Indonesian Music and Dance (Amsterdam, 1994), p. 191","source_display":"Jaap Kunst, Music in Flores (Leiden: Brill, 1942), p. 158; Jaap Kunst, 'Indonesische Musik', Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 1st ed., vol. 6, col. 1195; reprinted in Aussereuropäische Musik in Einzeldarstellungen (1980), p. 355, and in English as Indonesian Music and Dance (Amsterdam, 1994), p. 191","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A flat bamboo lath pierced at one end for its cord, of the Flores type, but noticeably larger than the Flores, Alor, Java and Nias examples.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"ternate","display_name":"Ternate bubuwas","image":{"full":"assets/objects/expansion_2026_07/FISCHER1914-001_wereldmuseum_rv1680-1.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/expansion_2026_07/thumbs/FISCHER1914-001_wereldmuseum_rv1680-1_thumb.jpg","alt":"Karo dengeng-dengeng: a lance-shaped bamboo blade and a long curved bamboo stock linked by fine cord.","credit":"Wereldmuseum / NMVW (RV-1680-1)","license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/716408","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"The Karo dengeng-dengeng","pool_id":"auto-expansion_2026_07--FISCHER1914-001_wereldmuseum_rv1680-1","auto_assigned":true,"last_modified":"2026-10-03"},"slug":"kunst1942-001-ternate"}