{"id":"KIRBY1934-001","label":"Pedi kgabududu of girls' initiation","people_or_site":"Pedi (Transvaal Sotho)","country_current":"South Africa","historic_region":"Transvaal (Sekhukhuneland, Limpopo)","macroregion":"Africa / Southern Africa","local_name":"kgabududu / kgabudubudu","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Pedi bullroarer, called kgabududu or kgabudubudu.","function_summary":"Used in Pedi girls' initiation; a children's toy among the neighbouring Molepo.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"kirby1934_south_africa","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=vjZjDwAAQBAJ","page_or_plate":"Kirby 2013 ed., p. 101; van Schalkwyk1985 p.169 §2.7 (citing Mönnig1967 p.127)","map_confidence":"low","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Pedi heartland (Sekhukhuneland, Limpopo) centroid; Kirby names no collection locality for the Pedi instrument.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Pedi the bullroarer had a place beyond play: it was used in girls' initiation. Their Molepo neighbours let boys and girls alike swing it as a toy. Kirby heard the Pedi names *kgabududu* and *kgabudubudu*: their rolling syllables belong to a southern African family that includes Korana *burubush*, Tswana *seburuburu* and Venda *luvuvu*.","pull_quote":"The Pedi also make a bull-roarer, which they call kgabududu or kgabudubudu.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Kirby, Bull-Roarers and Spinning-Disks, p. 101","term_gloss":"kgabududu / kgabudubudu — Kirby’s Pedi bullroarer names; kgabubu — the name in H. O. Mönnig’s account of Pedi girls’ initiation (1967).","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation","women_special","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":true,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Percival R. Kirby, “Bull-Roarers and Spinning-Disks,” in The Musical Instruments of the Indigenous People of South Africa, 3rd ed. (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2013), p. 101.","url":"https://books.google.com/books?id=vjZjDwAAQBAJ","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013013144/https://books.google.com/books?id=vjZjDwAAQBAJ"},{"citation":"Johan Abraham van Schalkwyk, Die tegniese skeppinge van die Molepo van Thabamoopo (MA, University of Pretoria, 1985), p. 169, citing H. O. Mönnig, The Pedi (1967), p. 127.","url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/92892/VanSchalkwyk_Tegniese_1985.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013013311/https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/92892/VanSchalkwyk_Tegniese_1985.pdf?isAllowed=y&sequence=1"}],"source_citations":"Percival R. Kirby, “Bull-Roarers and Spinning-Disks,” in The Musical Instruments of the Indigenous People of South Africa, 3rd ed. (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2013), p. 101.; Johan Abraham van Schalkwyk, Die tegniese skeppinge van die Molepo van Thabamoopo (MA, University of Pretoria, 1985), p. 169, citing H. O. Mönnig, The Pedi (1967), p. 127.","source_display":"Percival R. Kirby, “Bull-Roarers and Spinning-Disks,” in The Musical Instruments of the Indigenous People of South Africa, 3rd ed. (Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2013), p. 101.; Johan Abraham van Schalkwyk, Die tegniese skeppinge van die Molepo van Thabamoopo (MA, University of Pretoria, 1985), p. 169, citing H. O. Mönnig, The Pedi (1967), p. 127.","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Pedi bullroarer, called kgabududu or kgabudubudu.","function_display":"Used in Pedi girls' initiation; a children's toy among the neighbouring Molepo.","confidence_display":"low","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"pedi","display_name":"Pedi kgabududu of girls' initiation","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-034_prm_1910-13-2_sotho.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-034_prm_1910-13-2_sotho_thumb.jpg","credit":"Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford (1910.13.2)","license":"© Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford","source_page":"https://prm.ox.ac.uk/collections-online","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Painted zigzag Sotho slat tied to its swinging stick","pool_id":"auto-MUS2026-034_prm_1910-13-2_sotho"},"slug":"kirby1934-001-pedi-transvaal-sotho"}