{"id":"JSTEWARD1941-013","label":"Snake River Shoshoni wind bullroarer","people_or_site":"Snake River Shoshoni (S-SnRv)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Snake River, southern Idaho","macroregion":"North America / Great Basin","local_name":"","source_term":"Bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Recorded as present without description of the object itself.","function_summary":"Used to make the wind blow. The Snake River is one of only three localities in the survey where Steward recorded the weather use.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"steward1941_ced4_nevada_shoshoni","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84152/files/ucar004-003.pdf","page_or_plate":"printed p. 307, element 1870 and sub-element 1874 (column Sn); informant p. 213","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Bliss, on the Snake River in Gooding County, Idaho. Territory anchor for the named people; not a use site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"On the Snake River the bullroarer was swung to make the wind blow — the northernmost of the three places in Steward's survey where it was a weather instrument, with Elko and Battle Mountain on the Humboldt below it. Against that stand flat denials from the south, in Death Valley and the Owens Valley, where it was a child's plaything and nothing more. Steward made the split a general one: the southern Great Basin used the roarer as a toy, the northern to bring the wind.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"","cls":"weather","class_label":"Weather / fertility magic","color":"#2F6FA3","is_candidate":false,"flags":["weather"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Julian H. Steward, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIII, Nevada Shoshoni,' Anthropological Records 4:2 (1941), pp. 250 and 307","url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84152/files/ucar004-003.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013012733/https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84152/files/ucar004-003.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Julian H. Steward, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIII, Nevada Shoshoni,' Anthropological Records 4:2 (1941), pp. 250 and 307","source_display":"Julian H. Steward, 'Culture Element Distributions: XIII, Nevada Shoshoni,' Anthropological Records 4:2 (1941), pp. 250 and 307","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Recorded as present without description of the object itself.","function_display":"","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"snake river","display_name":"Snake River Shoshoni wind bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-005_nmai_19-5826_hunkpapa.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-005_nmai_19-5826_hunkpapa_thumb.jpg","alt":"Hunkpapa Lakota bone bullroarer with notches along both edges and a perforation near one end.","credit":"National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (19/5826)","license":"Usage Conditions Apply (NMAI)","source_page":"https://americanindian.si.edu/collections-search/object/NMAI_208918","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Hunkpapa Lakota bone bullroarer notched along both edges","pool_id":"american-west-hunkpapa-serrated","last_modified":"2026-10-03"},"slug":"jsteward1941-013-snake-river-shoshoni-s-snrv"}