{"id":"HEATH1978-001","label":"Ngandi maralpiṇḍiʔ","people_or_site":"Ngandi","country_current":"Australia","historic_region":"Upper Wilton and Mainoru rivers, east toward the sources of the Rose River, south-eastern Arnhem Land, Northern Territory","macroregion":"Australia / Arnhem Land","local_name":"maralpiṇḍiʔ (ma-maralpiṇḍiʔ)","source_term":"(ma-)maralpiṇḍi? (N) (1) bull-roarer. (2) tree sp.","source_language":"Ngandi","object_description":"A bullroarer, called maralpiṇḍiʔ; its form is not recorded.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"lexical_attestation","source_key":"heath1978_ngandi_dictionary","source_type":"scholarly_dictionary","source_url":"https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/item/item_2049468_2/component/file_2049467/ngandi_heath1978_o.pdf","page_or_plate":"Heath 1978 p. 156, entry (ma-)maralpiṇḍi?; p. 175, index entry bullroarer.","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"approximate Ngandi language-country centroid after the South Australian Museum Ngandi (NT) entry (134°30′E, 13°55′S; upper Wilton and Mainoru rivers); a language-level anchor, not a collection point and not the Ngukurr fieldwork site","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"In Ngandi the bullroarer was maralpiṇḍiʔ, and the same word named a kind of tree. Ngandi country lies on the upper Wilton and Mainoru rivers in south-eastern Arnhem Land, with the Nunggubuyu to the east and the Ngalakan and Rembarrnga to the west. To the north, Ritharrngu, Djinang and Burarra speakers called the instrument by the same name, maralbindi.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"maralpiṇḍiʔ: (1) bullroarer; (2) a tree species (Heath 1978, p. 156)","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Jeffrey Heath, Ngandi Grammar, Texts, and Dictionary (Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1978), pp. 156, 175","url":"https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/item/item_2049468_2/component/file_2049467/ngandi_heath1978_o.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20240712105814/https://pure.mpg.de/pubman/item/item_2049468_2/component/file_2049467/ngandi_heath1978_o.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Jeffrey Heath, Ngandi Grammar, Texts, and Dictionary (Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1978), pp. 156, 175","source_display":"Jeffrey Heath, Ngandi Grammar, Texts, and Dictionary (Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, 1978), pp. 156, 175","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A bullroarer, called maralpiṇḍiʔ; its form is not recorded.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"lexical attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"ngandi","display_name":"Ngandi maralpiṇḍiʔ","image":{"full":"assets/objects/AUSIN-005_ausin-005-mcconnel1935-plateii-b.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/AUSIN-005_ausin-005-mcconnel1935-plateii-b_thumb.jpg","alt":"McConnel’s black-and-white photograph of the Wik-Mungkan paka paka ceremony: two men with white body markings stand while three others bend low in front of them.","credit":"Ursula H. McConnel, Myths of the Wikmunkan and Wiknatara Tribes, Oceania 6(1), 1935, Plate II B","license":"Rights not verified; no open image reuse license stated. Published 1935; rehosted from a public scan for non-commercial research.","source_page":"https://archive.org/download/sim_oceania_1935-09_6_1/sim_oceania_1935-09_6_1.pdf#page=107","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Wik-Mungkan paka paka swung in McConnel’s ritual photograph","pool_id":"auto-AUSIN-005_ausin-005-mcconnel1935-plateii-b","auto_assigned":true,"last_modified":"2026-10-19"},"slug":"heath1978-001-ngandi"}