{"id":"HAYS1986-012","label":"Binumarien roarer without flutes","people_or_site":"Binumarien","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Eastern Family language region","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"bullroarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"A bullroarer recorded in Binumarien initiation, with no sacred flutes alongside it; no size, form or local name is recorded.","function_summary":"Used in initiation.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"hays1986_sacred_flutes","source_type":"scholarly_article","source_url":"https://digitalcollections.ric.edu/record/1736/files/Sacred_Flutes2.pdf","page_or_plate":"pp. 436, 444","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Binumarien village/language anchor; not an object or performance site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The Binumarien break the regional pattern. Their Eastern Family neighbours — Gadsup, Agarabi, Auyana, Tairora — put novices of ten to sixteen through nose-bleeding, tongue-bleeding, penis-cutting and cane-swallowing, and formally revealed both flutes and bullroarers to them. The Binumarien initiated with the bullroarer and no sacred flute at all.","pull_quote":"Here both sacred flutes and bullroarers (except possibly in Binumarien) were revealed formally at the initiation of 10-16 year-old pumara, kumara, or ummara","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Hays 1986:444 (Anthropos 81)","term_gloss":"No Binumarien term recorded by Hays.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Terence E. Hays, 'Sacred Flutes, Fertility, and Growth in the Papua New Guinea Highlands,' Anthropos 81 (1986), pp. 436, 444","url":"https://digitalcollections.ric.edu/record/1736/files/Sacred_Flutes2.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250526055207/https://digitalcollections.ric.edu/record/1736/files/Sacred_Flutes2.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Terence E. Hays, 'Sacred Flutes, Fertility, and Growth in the Papua New Guinea Highlands,' Anthropos 81 (1986), pp. 436, 444","source_display":"Terence E. Hays, 'Sacred Flutes, Fertility, and Growth in the Papua New Guinea Highlands,' Anthropos 81 (1986), pp. 436, 444","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A bullroarer recorded in Binumarien initiation, with no sacred flutes alongside it; no size, form or local name is recorded.","function_display":"Used in initiation.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"binumarien","display_name":"Binumarien roarer without flutes","image":{"full":"assets/objects/PNG135_meg_ethoc_029195.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/PNG135_meg_ethoc_029195_thumb.jpg","alt":"A slender tapered wooden Kainantu rhombe from the Georges Barbey collection, 35 cm long, with a long twisted cord attached near one end.","credit":"Musée d'ethnographie de Genève (MEG), ETHOC 029195 (coll. Georges Barbey, 1960)","license":"© Musée d'ethnographie de Genève — reproduction rights apply; rehosted low-res for non-commercial research","source_page":"https://collections.geneve.ch/meg/catalogue/musinfo_public.php?id=029195","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A Kainantu bullroarer, 35 cm, from the Georges Barbey collection.","pool_id":"auto-PNG135_meg_ethoc_029195","auto_assigned":true,"last_modified":"2026-09-03"},"slug":"hays1986-012-binumarien"}