{"id":"HASSAN1980-001","label":"Erbil Turkmen warwara bullroarer","people_or_site":"Erbil Turkmens","country_current":"Iraq","historic_region":"Erbil Governorate / Iraqi Kurdistan","macroregion":"Near East / Mesopotamia","local_name":"warwara / wighwagha / gafgafa","source_term":"rhombe","source_language":"French","object_description":"Rectangular wooden board with one perforation at one end for a cord; Hassan's Fig. 8 shows the whole rig.","function_summary":"Children's toy, made by children; not used by adults and not invested with magic.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"hassan1980_irak_rhombe","source_type":"ethnomusicology_monograph","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112321348","page_or_plate":"pp. 47-48, fig. 8; p. 96","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Erbil named directly for the Turkmen terms; city anchor, not a player or object findspot.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The Turkmen children of Erbil named the bullroarer after its own drone: warwara, wighwagha, gafgafa. It is a plain rectangular board, drilled once at the end for its cord, and its station is just as plain, as Scheherazade Qassim Hassan found it across Iraq in the early 1970s: children make it themselves, adults do not touch it, and no magic attaches to it.","pull_quote":"Une planchette rectangulaire en bois ... un orifice est percé à l'une des extrémités pour permettre le passage d'une cordelette.","pull_quote_translation":"A rectangular wooden board ... is pierced at one end to pass a small cord.","pull_quote_cite":"Hassan 1980, pp. 47-48, fig. 8.","term_gloss":"warwara, wighwagha, and gafgafa are sound-imitating Erbil Turkmen names; no literal gloss is given.","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Scheherazade Qassim Hassan, Les instruments de musique en Irak et leur rôle dans la société traditionnelle, Cahiers de l’Homme XXI (EHESS/Mouton, 1980), pp. 47-48, fig. 8; p. 96","url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112321348"}],"source_citations":"Scheherazade Qassim Hassan, Les instruments de musique en Irak et leur rôle dans la société traditionnelle, Cahiers de l’Homme XXI (EHESS/Mouton, 1980), pp. 47-48, fig. 8; p. 96","source_display":"Scheherazade Qassim Hassan, Les instruments de musique en Irak et leur rôle dans la société traditionnelle, Cahiers de l’Homme XXI (EHESS/Mouton, 1980), pp. 47-48, fig. 8; p. 96","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Rectangular wooden board with one perforation at one end for a cord; Hassan's Fig. 8 shows the whole rig.","function_display":"Children's toy, made by children; not used by adults and not invested with magic.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"erbil turkmens","display_name":"Erbil Turkmen warwara bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/HASSAN1980-001_hassan1980-001-hassan1980-fig8.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/HASSAN1980-001_hassan1980-001-hassan1980-fig8_thumb.jpg","alt":"Hassan's drawing of a long, flat rectangular Iraqi rhombe with a cord tied through a hole near one end.","credit":"Scheherazade Qassim Hassan, Les instruments de musique en Irak (1980), fig. 8","license":"Rights reserved; rehosted for non-commercial research. © author / Mouton-EHESS-De Gruyter.","source_page":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112321348","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Iraqi rhombe, Hassan figure 8."},"slug":"hassan1980-001-erbil-turkmens"}