{"id":"GUIART1951-001","label":"Pato kil, initiation into the bullroarer","people_or_site":"North Ambrym (Olal-Rannon), pato kil Luan","country_current":"Vanuatu","historic_region":"North Ambrym, Olal-Rannon area","macroregion":"Oceania / Melanesia","local_name":"tem'ar kil","source_term":"rhombe, tem'ar kil","source_language":"French","object_description":"Locally made bullroarers, called tem'ar kil; form and size not recorded.","function_summary":"The pato kil Luan had no effigy; its ritual consisted essentially of initiation into the bullroarer.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"guiart1951_north_ambrym_pato_kil","source_type":"ethnographic_article","source_url":"https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_08-09/11405.pdf","page_or_plate":"p. 59 (pato kil, tem'ar kil); pp. 57-58 (Luan seclusion and the blown tem'ar ne luan)","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Olal, north Ambrym (OpenStreetMap village point -16.10, 168.16), the end of Guiart's Olal-Rannon study area where he places Luan transmission; area anchor, no pato kil village named.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Pato kil had no effigy. In north Ambrym a Luan was a secret rite that a village bought from its owner, and each one had its own emblem: a painted figure on the front of a ritual house, a black mannequin with club and bow, a two-faced head shot through with arrows. Pato kil had only the bullroarer. Its whole ritual was initiation into the tem'ar kil, which the men made themselves; they were not brought over from Malekula, as had been supposed. Candidates for a Luan lived apart for four to six months under a ban, unwashed, every distinction of rank set aside and all eating at one fire, and on the day of the final ceremony they rubbed themselves with coconut oil.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"tem'ar kil: the bullroarer of the pato kil Luan Distinct from the blown tem'ar ne luan of other Luan rites.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Jean Guiart, \"Société, rituels et mythes du Nord Ambrym (Nouvelles-Hébrides),\" Journal de la Société des Océanistes 7 (1951), pp. 57-59","url":"https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_08-09/11405.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Jean Guiart, \"Société, rituels et mythes du Nord Ambrym (Nouvelles-Hébrides),\" Journal de la Société des Océanistes 7 (1951), pp. 57-59","source_display":"Jean Guiart, \"Société, rituels et mythes du Nord Ambrym (Nouvelles-Hébrides),\" Journal de la Société des Océanistes 7 (1951), pp. 57-59","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Locally made bullroarers, called tem'ar kil; form and size not recorded.","function_display":"The pato kil Luan had no effigy; its ritual consisted essentially of initiation into the bullroarer.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"north ambrym","display_name":"Pato kil, initiation into the bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/mqb/mqb_71-1936-40-51.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/mqb/thumbs/mqb_71-1936-40-51_thumb.jpg","alt":"A dark rounded Womel seed-whirler with a drilled hole, attached to a long tangle of plaited fibre cord.","credit":"© musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac (71.1936.40.51 / 71.1936.40.52)","license":"© musée du quai Branly — rehosted for non-commercial research","source_page":"https://collections.quaibranly.fr/?action=search&field=/Record/ObjectNumber&label=N%C2%B0%20de%20gestion&value=71.1936.40.51","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"One Womel seed-whirler, drilled and strung on plaited fibre…","pool_id":"auto-mqb--mqb_71-1936-40-51","auto_assigned":true,"last_modified":"2026-10-19"},"slug":"guiart1951-001-north-ambrym-olal-rannon-pato-kil-luan"}