{"id":"GIFFORD1940-002","label":"Cibecue roarer sounded in the open","people_or_site":"Cibecue Apache (Cibecue Creek band)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"Cibecue Creek, east-central Arizona","macroregion":"North America / Southwest","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Wooden blade about 9 by 2.5 inches, whirled on a cord about three feet long.","function_summary":"Sounded openly in public and during dances; not used for curing, and not merely a toy.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gifford1940_apache_pueblo","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84148","page_or_plate":"pp. 2, 58-59 (elements 2208-2218), 151; McAllester 1960:471","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Cibecue CDP community anchor on Cibecue Creek — the band's home locality and near the informant's birthplace (Sikaideska, three or four miles below the store); not a dance ground.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Nine inches of flat wood on three feet of cord made the Cibecue Apache bullroarer that Toggie Nightjar described: sounded openly, before everyone, and whirled during dances, though he named no particular one. A generation later some of David McAllester's Apache informants placed the instrument in the Crown Dance; the Crown Dance he watched at Cibecue in 1953 had none.","pull_quote":"...the bull-roarer (a flat stick whirled at the end of a cord to make a humming sound). The latter was said by some of my informants to be used in the Crown Dance, but there was none in the Crown Dance I saw at Cibecue in 1953.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"McAllester 1960:471.","term_gloss":"","cls":"sacred","class_label":"Sacred / spirit","color":"#8A5A2B","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"E. W. Gifford, Culture Element Distributions: XII, Apache-Pueblo, Anthropological Records 4:1 (1940), pp. 2, 58-59, 151; David P. McAllester, The Role of Music in Western Apache Culture (1960), p. 471","url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84148","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013011910/https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84148"}],"source_citations":"E. W. Gifford, Culture Element Distributions: XII, Apache-Pueblo, Anthropological Records 4:1 (1940), pp. 2, 58-59, 151; David P. McAllester, The Role of Music in Western Apache Culture (1960), p. 471","source_display":"E. W. Gifford, Culture Element Distributions: XII, Apache-Pueblo, Anthropological Records 4:1 (1940), pp. 2, 58-59, 151; David P. McAllester, The Role of Music in Western Apache Culture (1960), p. 471","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Wooden blade about 9 by 2.5 inches, whirled on a cord about three feet long.","function_display":"Sounded openly in public and during dances; not used for curing, and not merely a toy.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"cibecue apache","display_name":"Cibecue roarer sounded in the open","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BOURKE1892-002_fig431.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BOURKE1892-002_fig431_thumb.jpg","alt":"Bourke’s engraving of two decorated Apache bullroarers: rectangular boards with long cords, the left bearing a central figure and zigzags, the right wavy lines.","credit":"J. W. Powell / J. G. Bourke (1892), Ninth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology","license":"Public domain","source_page":"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/42616/42616-h/42616-h.htm","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Bourke’s engraving of two Apache bullroarers, one carved and one plain.","pool_id":"auto-BOURKE1892-002_fig431"},"slug":"gifford1940-002-cibecue-apache-cibecue-creek-band"}