{"id":"GIFFORD1940-001","label":"The clown announces the gan","people_or_site":"Eastern White Mountain Apache","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"White River and Fort Apache country, east-central Arizona","macroregion":"North America / Southwest","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Blade of ash or gaspome wood, about 12 by 3 inches, whirled on a cord about three feet long; not made of lightning-struck wood.","function_summary":"A clown whirled it to announce the masked gan impersonators, then kept whirling it during the dance; used publicly and in view, not for curing.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"gifford1940_apache_pueblo","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84148","page_or_plate":"pp. 2, 58-59 (elements 2208-2218), 151-152","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Whiteriver CDP community anchor — the informant's home base (White River near Fort Apache) and Gifford's interview locality; not a specific dance ground.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The clown went first: whirling a bullroarer, he announced that the masked gan impersonators — the Mountain Spirit dancers — were coming, then kept it sounding through the dance itself. The foot-long ash or gaspome blade was always swung in the open, where anyone could watch.","pull_quote":"clown whirled bull-roarer to announce masked gan impersonators, after that whirled during dance.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Gifford 1940:152","term_gloss":"","cls":"sacred","class_label":"Sacred / spirit","color":"#8A5A2B","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"E. W. Gifford, Culture Element Distributions: XII, Apache-Pueblo, Anthropological Records 4:1 (1940), pp. 2, 58-59, 151-152","url":"https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84148","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013011910/https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/84148"}],"source_citations":"E. W. Gifford, Culture Element Distributions: XII, Apache-Pueblo, Anthropological Records 4:1 (1940), pp. 2, 58-59, 151-152","source_display":"E. W. Gifford, Culture Element Distributions: XII, Apache-Pueblo, Anthropological Records 4:1 (1940), pp. 2, 58-59, 151-152","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Blade of ash or gaspome wood, about 12 by 3 inches, whirled on a cord about three feet long; not made of lightning-struck wood.","function_display":"A clown whirled it to announce the masked gan impersonators, then kept whirling it during the dance; used publicly and in view, not for curing.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"eastern white","display_name":"The clown announces the gan","image":{"full":"assets/objects/NA-S1952-005.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/NA-S1952-005_thumb.jpg","alt":"Zuni bull-roarers (bundle), New Mexico.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum, Am1920,1008.20","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Am1920-1008-20","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Bundle of plain Zuni wooden slats with cords, in the British Museum.","pool_id":"auto-NA-S1952-005"},"slug":"gifford1940-001-eastern-white-mountain-apache"}