{"id":"FRAZER1913-018","label":"Boloki toy-magical bullroarer","people_or_site":"Boloki","country_current":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","historic_region":"Upper Congo","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"A whirled strip of bamboo.","function_summary":"Children's toy with magical/leopard-attracting taboo or danger.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"weeks1913_among_congo_cannibals","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/69650","page_or_plate":"Weeks 1913, p. 157; Frazer 1913 Balder p. 229 n. 2 and p. 232 n. 3 preserve the earlier leads.","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"broad Upper Congo/Boloki-region anchor; Weeks gives Boloki ethnographic context but not a precise play locality","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Boloki of the Upper Congo, the bullroarer was a boys' toy, but their elders disliked seeing it whirled, and gave a single reason: \"You are calling the leopards.\" The spun bamboo slat made a sound like the growling of a leopard, and so the old men warned the lads off. The missionary John H. Weeks, who went to the Congo in 1881 and spent thirty years there, fifteen of them among the Boloki, recorded the toy in his chapter on native games; he also gave evidence to the 1904 commission of inquiry into the abuses of Leopold's Congo Free State. Frazer took the case into The Golden Bough. The object itself was no more than a piece of bamboo a boy could make.","pull_quote":"Although Congo is practically a toyless land, and so far as the adults are concerned the children are not catered for, yet from their loud laughter the young folk seem to extract a great amount of pleasure out of life.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Weeks, Among Congo Cannibals (1913), p. 158","term_gloss":"","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"John H. Weeks, Among Congo Cannibals (London: Seeley, Service & Co., 1913), p. 157","url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/69650","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260225003824/https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/69650"}],"source_citations":"John H. Weeks, Among Congo Cannibals (London: Seeley, Service & Co., 1913), p. 157","source_display":"John H. Weeks, Among Congo Cannibals (London: Seeley, Service & Co., 1913), p. 157","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A whirled strip of bamboo.","function_display":"Children's toy with magical/leopard-attracting taboo or danger.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"boloki","display_name":"Boloki toy-magical bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/bm_E_Af1962-17-66.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/bm_E_Af1962-17-66_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Gwari bamboo strip with a dark zigzag line burned along much of its length and cord wound around one end.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum (E/Af1962-17-66)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1962-17-66","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A Gwari bamboo strip burned with a zigzag line.","pool_id":"auto-museum_harvest--bm_E_Af1962-17-66"},"slug":"frazer1913-018-boloki"}