{"id":"EXH2026-060","label":"Adoi (kundrukundru)","people_or_site":"Adoi (kundrukundru)","country_current":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","historic_region":"NE Congo (Bira borderlands)","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"kundrukundru","source_term":"bullroarer (Grove enumeration)","source_language":"English","object_description":"Bullroarer, called kundrukundru.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"exhaustiveness2026","source_type":"comparative_secondary","source_url":"https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000004297","page_or_plate":"Grove Music Online, \"Bull-roarer,\" Africa section (onomatopoeic names list); after de Hen 1960 (Tervuren)","map_confidence":"low_medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"NE DRC, approximate","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"For the Adoi of the northeastern Congo, the bullroarer is \"kundrukundru\" — one of a cluster of onomatopoeic Congo names (egburuburu, mbirimbiri, kunzukunzu among them) collected by de Hen, each simply echoing the instrument's whirring roar.","pull_quote":"the varied names collected by de Hen suggest an onomatopoeic derivation, for example, the Adoi, Amanga, Andebogo and Andowi kundrukundru","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"K.A. Gourlay, \"Bullroarer,\" Grove Music Online (after F.J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi, Tervuren, 1960)","term_gloss":"kundrukundru: Adoi (NE Congo) name for the bullroarer, onomatopoeic for its whirring roar; the Amanga, Andebogo and Andowi share it.","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"etymology":"kundrukundru imitates the bullroarer's whirring roar rather than carrying a decomposable meaning; the Amanga, Andebogo and Andowi share it, and it belongs to a family of reduplicated Congo names collected by de Hen.","literal_gloss":"","semantic_cluster":"motion_sound","etymology_confidence":"medium","sources":[{"citation":"K. A. Gourlay, 'Bullroarer,' Grove Music Online, after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (doctoral dissertation, Köln; Tervuren, 1960)","url":"https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000004297","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250220132331/https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000004297"}],"source_citations":"K. A. Gourlay, 'Bullroarer,' Grove Music Online, after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (doctoral dissertation, Köln; Tervuren, 1960)","source_display":"K. A. Gourlay, 'Bullroarer,' Grove Music Online, after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (doctoral dissertation, Köln; Tervuren, 1960)","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Bullroarer, called kundrukundru.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"low to medium","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"adoi","display_name":"Adoi (kundrukundru)","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/bm_E_Af1909-0513-212.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/bm_E_Af1909-0513-212_thumb.jpg","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum (E/Af1909-0513-212)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1909-0513-212","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A Luba palm-leaf roarer (British Museum).","pool_id":"auto-museum_harvest--bm_E_Af1909-0513-212"},"slug":"exh2026-060-adoi-kundrukundru"}