{"id":"EXH2026-057","label":"Mamvu (arumvurumvu)","people_or_site":"Mamvu","country_current":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","historic_region":"NE Congo (Bira borderlands)","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"arumvurumvu","source_term":"bullroarer (Grove enumeration)","source_language":"English","object_description":"Bullroarer, called arumvurumvu.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"exhaustiveness2026","source_type":"comparative_secondary","source_url":"https://archive.org/details/grovedictionaryo0001unse","page_or_plate":"Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, s.v. \"Bullroarer\" (de Hen Congo name-list); de Hen 1960 (Tervuren), 171ff","map_confidence":"low_medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Mamvu country, NE DRC","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The Mamvu are a Central Sudanic-speaking people of the Ituri forest country in northeastern Congo. Their bullroarer survives as a name: arumvurumvu, an onomatopoeic word for the whirring blade, beside the egburuburu of their Bagbwa neighbours. The Belgian musicologist F. J. de Hen gathered the words for his 1960 study of Congo instruments, and they entered the Grove dictionary among a cluster of such Congo bullroarer names.","pull_quote":"Bagbwa and Mamvu egburuburu and arumvurumvu","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"K. A. Gourlay, 'Bullroarer,' Grove Music Online (after F. J. de Hen, 1960).","term_gloss":"arumvurumvu: onomatopoeic Mamvu name for the bullroarer (the whirring sound), collected by F. J. de Hen; the neighbouring Bagbwa form is egburuburu.","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"etymology":"egburuburu and arumvurumvu are reduplicated, buzzing names that imitate the whirring roar of the spun bullroarer.","literal_gloss":"","semantic_cluster":"motion_sound","etymology_confidence":"medium","sources":[{"citation":"Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984), s.v. \"Bullroarer\", after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (Tervuren, 1960), 171ff","url":"https://archive.org/details/grovedictionaryo0001unse"}],"source_citations":"Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984), s.v. \"Bullroarer\", after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (Tervuren, 1960), 171ff","source_display":"Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984), s.v. \"Bullroarer\", after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (Tervuren, 1960), 171ff","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Bullroarer, called arumvurumvu.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"low to medium","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"mamvu","display_name":"Mamvu (arumvurumvu)","image":{"full":"assets/objects/expansion_2026_07/EXH2026-041_rmca_8520.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/expansion_2026_07/EXH2026-041_rmca_8520.jpg","alt":"Kereboro bullroarer rig: a decorated lens-shaped blade hangs from a cord beside a long straight handle.","credit":"Collection RMCA / AfricaMuseum, Tervuren (MO.0.0.8520); photograph J. Van de Vyver","license":"CC BY 4.0","source_page":"https://mimo-international.com/media/RMCA/IMAGE/MO.0.0.8520_WEB_01.jpg","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Kereboro bullroarer rig from Haut-Uele.","pool_id":"auto-expansion_2026_07--EXH2026-041_rmca_8520"},"slug":"exh2026-057-mamvu"}