{"id":"EXH2026-046","label":"Andowi (kundrukundru)","people_or_site":"Andowi (Mangbetu cluster)","country_current":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","historic_region":"NE Congo","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"kundrukundru","source_term":"bullroarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Bullroarer; recorded for the Andowi only by its name, kundrukundru.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"exhaustiveness2026","source_type":"comparative_secondary","source_url":"https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/items/b9573a53-72f3-4bd4-9b8f-9be0313379b9?q=%22See+ATUAMBA%22","page_or_plate":"New Grove / Grove, Andowi entry (term kundrukundru)","map_confidence":"low_medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Mangbetu-area microgroup, approximate","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Say kundrukundru aloud and you hear the instrument: the Andowi name for the bullroarer imitates its whirring drone. The Andowi, one of the small Mangbetu-cluster peoples of north-eastern Congo, share the word with their Adoi, Amanga and Andebogo neighbours, one name for one sound across four peoples.","pull_quote":"kundrukundru","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1984), s.v. 'Kundrukundru'","term_gloss":"kundrukundru: the Andowi word for the bullroarer.","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"etymology":"The reduplicated form imitates the instrument's whirring roar.","literal_gloss":"","semantic_cluster":"motion_sound","etymology_confidence":"medium","sources":[{"citation":"Grove Music Online, 'Bullroarer' (K. A. Gourlay), after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (doctoral dissertation, Tervuren, 1960); New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, ed. Stanley Sadie (London: Macmillan, 1984), s.v. 'Kundrukundru'","url":"https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/items/b9573a53-72f3-4bd4-9b8f-9be0313379b9?q=%22See+ATUAMBA%22","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013125249/https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/items/b9573a53-72f3-4bd4-9b8f-9be0313379b9?q=%22See+ATUAMBA%22"}],"source_citations":"Grove Music Online, 'Bullroarer' (K. A. Gourlay), after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (doctoral dissertation, Tervuren, 1960); New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, ed. Stanley Sadie (London: Macmillan, 1984), s.v. 'Kundrukundru'","source_display":"Grove Music Online, 'Bullroarer' (K. A. Gourlay), after F. J. de Hen, Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Musikinstrumente aus Belgisch Kongo und Ruanda-Urundi (doctoral dissertation, Tervuren, 1960); New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments, ed. Stanley Sadie (London: Macmillan, 1984), s.v. 'Kundrukundru'","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Bullroarer; recorded for the Andowi only by its name, kundrukundru.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"low to medium","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"andowi","display_name":"Andowi (kundrukundru)","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-098_mqb-241891.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-098_mqb-241891_thumb.jpg","alt":"A long rough iron Koma rhombe with an irregular notched head and a round hole near that end.","credit":"Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac, 71.1991.60.53","license":"Rights reserved (© musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac); rehosted for non-commercial research","source_page":"https://collections.quaibranly.fr/#/objet/241891","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A notched Koma iron rhombe, Cameroon.","pool_id":"auto-MUS2026-098_mqb-241891"},"slug":"exh2026-046-andowi-mangbetu-cluster"}