{"id":"EXH2026-043","label":"Kunzukunzu, sent ahead to clear the path","people_or_site":"Aimeri (also called Walese); Watsa–Gombari district","country_current":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","historic_region":"Watsa–Gombari district, Haut-Uele, NE Congo","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"kunzukunzu (Aïméri); anziko (Walese)","source_term":"Schwirrholz / snorrend plankske (Costermans); bullroarer (New Grove cross-entry)","source_language":"Dutch","object_description":"A whirled board of tende wood about 30 by 4 cm, hung on a saga cord or whatever cord was to hand; the seventh and last of the Torè instruments.","function_summary":"Whirled at the head of the initiates' procession to warn the uninitiated of their coming, and in front of the Morèndu at a great man's harvest.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"costermans1947_1950_walese_anziko","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://www.aequatoria.be/04common/020publications_pdf/Aequatoria%201950.pdf","page_or_plate":"Costermans 1947 pp. 524–525, 528, 540–541; Costermans 1950 pp. 18–20; New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984), s.v. 'Kunzukunzu'","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Costermans's declared Watsa–Gombari field district (between Watsa and Gombari, Haut-Uele); village-level locality not secured. Replaces the earlier 'Mangbetu-area microgroup' anchor 230 km to the west.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Aïméri means forest people, and Costermans noted they can just as well be called Walese. Their boys were circumcised at puberty, when the cutting coincided with initiation into the clan: two months at least in a hut on a mountain top, in the keeping of two elders who taught them the clan's history and obligations. The bullroarer led the way. At the head of the procession went the man who whirled the Anziko, and he was called Anziko himself; when the circumcised youths came down again, a boy ran ahead of them making the kunzukunzu roar so that no woman should be met on the path. At harvest it led as well: when a great man brought in his maize, sesame and eleusine, the Morèndu was blown by broad daylight, and it never went out alone — the Anziko went in front. Women could never see the Torè, the sacred instruments of the clan initiation. The board was tende wood, thirty centimetres by four, hung on a saga cord, and its voice was likened to a decapitated man's and to a leopard's growl.","pull_quote":"Als zevende en laatste Torè-instrument hebben we het wereldberoemd « Schwirrholz » dat ons aan onze kinderjaren herinnert.","pull_quote_translation":"As the seventh and last Torè instrument we have the world-famous 'Schwirrholz' [bullroarer], which reminds us of our childhood.","pull_quote_cite":"B. Costermans, 'Muziek-instrumenten van Watsa-Gombari en omstreken,' Zaïre 1 (1947), p. 540.","term_gloss":"kunzukunzu: the Aïméri name for the bullroarer, echoing its roar; the Walese call it anziko.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation","women_taboo","agriculture"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"B. Costermans, 'Muziek-instrumenten van Watsa-Gombari en omstreken,' Zaïre 1 (1947): 515-542, pp. 524-525, 528, 540-541"},{"citation":"B. Costermans, 'De Besnijdenis bij de Mamvu-Mangutu en omstreken,' Aequatoria 13 (1950): 14-20, pp. 18-20","url":"https://www.aequatoria.be/04common/020publications_pdf/Aequatoria%201950.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260421122554/https://www.aequatoria.be/04common/020publications_pdf/Aequatoria%201950.pdf"},{"citation":"New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984), s.v. 'Kunzukunzu'"},{"citation":"Laurenty (1974), intermediary in the Costermans–New Grove source chain"}],"source_citations":"B. Costermans, 'Muziek-instrumenten van Watsa-Gombari en omstreken,' Zaïre 1 (1947): 515-542, pp. 524-525, 528, 540-541; B. Costermans, 'De Besnijdenis bij de Mamvu-Mangutu en omstreken,' Aequatoria 13 (1950): 14-20, pp. 18-20; New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984), s.v. 'Kunzukunzu'; Laurenty (1974), intermediary in the Costermans–New Grove source chain","source_display":"B. Costermans, 'Muziek-instrumenten van Watsa-Gombari en omstreken,' Zaïre 1 (1947): 515-542, pp. 524-525, 528, 540-541; B. Costermans, 'De Besnijdenis bij de Mamvu-Mangutu en omstreken,' Aequatoria 13 (1950): 14-20, pp. 18-20; New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments (1984), s.v. 'Kunzukunzu'; Laurenty (1974), intermediary in the Costermans–New Grove…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A whirled board of tende wood about 30 by 4 cm, hung on a saga cord or whatever cord was to hand; the seventh and last of the Torè instruments.","function_display":"Whirled at the head of the initiates' procession to warn the uninitiated of their coming, and in front of the Morèndu at a great man's harvest.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"aimeri","display_name":"Kunzukunzu, sent ahead to clear the path","image":{"full":"assets/objects/EXH2026-027_smb_iiic32708.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/EXH2026-027_smb_iiic32708_thumb.jpg","alt":"Weathered Bafia wooden slat with a swallow-tail notch and twisted cord.","credit":"Ethnologisches Museum, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (III C 32708), coll. Gunter Tessmann","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://id.smb.museum/object/1010379","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Weathered Bafia wooden slat on a long cord, Cameroon","pool_id":"auto-EXH2026-027_smb_iiic32708"},"slug":"exh2026-043-aimeri-also-called-walese-watsa-gombari-district"}