{"id":"EXH2026-037","label":"Bahía de los Ángeles cave find","people_or_site":"Bahía de los Ángeles burial cave, Baja California","country_current":"Mexico","historic_region":"Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California","macroregion":"North America / Mexico","local_name":"","source_term":"Bull-roarer (?)","source_language":"English","object_description":"Polished slat of very hard dark wood, 23.5 cm long, from a burial cave; USNM 139565.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"archaeological_find","source_key":"exhaustiveness2026","source_type":"archaeological_report","source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30385/30385-h/30385-h.htm","page_or_plate":"Massey & Osborne 1961, p. 344","map_confidence":"low","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"Bahia de Los Angeles","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"From a burial cave at Bahía de los Ángeles came a remarkable slat of polished dark wood: 23.5 centimetres long, concave on both faces, pierced at one end, and inlaid with black-filled grooves and fragments of Olivella shell. One of the seven people buried there was a shaman, laid in the cave with his paraphernalia: tubular stone pipes, a cape of human hair, cane whistles, and this slat. The cave's contents belong to the Borjeño, who held this coast when the Spanish arrived.","pull_quote":"This artifact has been tentatively called a \"bull-roarer\" because no other purpose can be conjectured.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Massey & Osborne, A Burial Cave in Baja California (Anthropological Records 16:8, 1961), p. 344","term_gloss":"","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"f_archaeology":true,"archaeology_kind":"object","date_display":"c. 1500–1800 AD","date_qualification":"Borjeño contact-era site horizon; object not directly dated","date_basis":"site_horizon","date_confidence":"low","date_citation":"exhaustiveness2026, Massey & Osborne 1961, p. 344","sources":[{"citation":"William C. Massey and Carolyn M. Osborne, 'A Burial Cave in Baja California: The Palmer Collection, 1887,' Anthropological Records 16:8 (University of California Press, 1961), pp. 339, 341, 344 and 351","url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30385/30385-h/30385-h.htm","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260308064051/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30385/30385-h/30385-h.htm"}],"source_citations":"William C. Massey and Carolyn M. Osborne, 'A Burial Cave in Baja California: The Palmer Collection, 1887,' Anthropological Records 16:8 (University of California Press, 1961), pp. 339, 341, 344 and 351","source_display":"William C. Massey and Carolyn M. Osborne, 'A Burial Cave in Baja California: The Palmer Collection, 1887,' Anthropological Records 16:8 (University of California Press, 1961), pp. 339, 341, 344 and 351","date_citation_display":"Exhaustiveness 2026, Massey & Osborne 1961, p. 344","object_display":"Polished slat of very hard dark wood, 23.5 cm long, from a burial cave; USNM 139565.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"low","attestation_label":"archaeological find","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"bah los","display_name":"Bahía de los Ángeles cave find","image":{"full":"assets/objects/EXH2026-037_massey1961_pl15i.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/EXH2026-037_massey1961_pl15i_thumb.jpg","credit":"Massey & Osborne, 'A Burial Cave in Baja California' (UC Anthropological Records 16:8, 1961), pl. 15i, via Project Gutenberg #30385","license":"Public domain (Project Gutenberg copyright clearance)","source_page":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30385","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Olivella-inlaid ironwood bullroarer from a Bahía de los Ángeles burial cave."},"slug":"exh2026-037-bahia-de-los-angeles-burial-cave-baja-california"}