{"id":"EXH2026-022","label":"Barundi","people_or_site":"Barundi (NE Congo)","country_current":"Democratic Republic of the Congo","historic_region":"NE Congo (Babali initiation belt)","macroregion":"Africa / Central Africa","local_name":"","source_term":"rhombe","source_language":"French","object_description":"Rhombe of the NE-Congo tribal-initiation complex (de Jonghe list).","function_summary":"Listed by de Jonghe among the Babali-neighbour initiation-rhombe peoples.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"exhaustiveness2026","source_type":"comparative_secondary","source_url":"https://archive.org/details/monographseries03","page_or_plate":"Soderberg pp. 184-185","map_confidence":"low_medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Rough regional point in north-eastern Congo, in the Babali initiation belt, where de Jonghe lists these Barundi among the Babali's neighbours; the name cannot be tied to a known locality.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The Barundi of the Ituri forest belonged to the Babali-centred initiation world, where the roaring slat spun at the initiation of boys; Édouard de Jonghe counted them among the forest neighbours who shared the rite.","pull_quote":"le rhombe est lié au complexe d'initiation tribale qui «se rencontre avec quelques variantes chez les voisins des Babali: Bakumu, Babira, Wanyanza, Bangelima, Barundi, Bapopoi, Wagenia et Lokele».","pull_quote_translation":"the bullroarer is bound up with the tribal-initiation complex that \"is found with some variants among the neighbors of the Babali: Bakumu, Babira, Wanyanza, Bangelima, Barundi, Bapopoi, Wagenia, and Lokele.\"","pull_quote_cite":"Söderberg 1956:184, quoting de Jonghe 1936:62","term_gloss":"","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"E. de Jonghe, 'Formations récentes de sociétés secrètes au Congo belge,' Africa 9(1) (1936), pp. 62-63, quoted in Bertil Söderberg, Les instruments de musique au Bas-Congo et dans les régions avoisinantes (1956), pp. 184-185","url":"https://archive.org/details/monographseries03"}],"source_citations":"E. de Jonghe, 'Formations récentes de sociétés secrètes au Congo belge,' Africa 9(1) (1936), pp. 62-63, quoted in Bertil Söderberg, Les instruments de musique au Bas-Congo et dans les régions avoisinantes (1956), pp. 184-185","source_display":"E. de Jonghe, 'Formations récentes de sociétés secrètes au Congo belge,' Africa 9(1) (1936), pp. 62-63, quoted in Bertil Söderberg, Les instruments de musique au Bas-Congo et dans les régions avoisinantes (1956), pp. 184-185","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Rhombe of the NE-Congo tribal-initiation complex (de Jonghe list).","function_display":"Listed by de Jonghe among the Babali-neighbour initiation-rhombe peoples.","confidence_display":"low to medium","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"barundi","display_name":"Barundi","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BAUMANN1932-001_baumann1932-001-ndumbamwela-abb19.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BAUMANN1932-001_baumann1932-001-ndumbamwela-abb19_thumb.jpg","credit":"Hermann Baumann, “Die Mannbarkeitsfeiern bei den Tsokwe,” Baessler-Archiv 15.1, 1932, p. 13, Abb. 19; digitized by Universitätsbibliothek der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","license":"Copyright status unresolved (1932 publication; author died 1972); rehosted for non-commercial research. No open licence established.","source_page":"https://www.digi-hub.de/viewer/fulltext/1500547393141/219/","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Baumann’s drawing of a Chokwe toy roarer.","pool_id":"auto-BAUMANN1932-001_baumann1932-001-ndumbamwela-abb19"},"slug":"exh2026-022-barundi-ne-congo"}