{"id":"CARROLL2024-011","label":"Kiriwa sosam","people_or_site":"Arammba speakers, Kiriwa","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Arammba (Upper Morehead) language area, Kiriwa village, South Fly District, Western Province","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"sosam","source_term":"bullroarer: sosam","source_language":"Arammba","object_description":"A bullroarer, called sosam; its form is not recorded.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"lexical_attestation","source_key":"carroll2024_yamfinder","source_type":"academic_language_description","source_url":"https://yamfinder.com/","page_or_plate":"Yamfinder concept 52 'bullroarer'; CLDF arammba-52-1 'sosam'; language Arammba; village Kiriwa; source code em.","map_confidence":"low","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"approximate Arammba language-area anchor from the Yamfinder CLDF languages table (Glottolog aram1253); Kiriwa village not securely located (Kiriwo on OpenStreetMap is a different, Nambu-area village); a language-level anchor, not a collection point","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Arammba speakers at Kiriwa, in the upper Morehead River country of Papua New Guinea, call the bullroarer sosam. It is the name of Sosom, the giant whose roar sounded through the bullroarer cult of the Marind on the coast across the border, and the same word names the roarer at Wereave and at Sota. The three communities share their flute word too: the bamboo flute is fúwe fúwe in all of them.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"sosam: bullroarer (Yamfinder, Arammba, Kiriwa, Emil Mittag field data)","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":["snake"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":true,"sources":[{"citation":"Matthew J. Carroll, Wolfgang Barth, Nicholas Evans et al., Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database (University of Melbourne), concept 'bullroarer'","url":"https://yamfinder.com/"},{"citation":"CLDF dataset derived from Carroll et al., \"Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database\", Lexibank release v1.0 (2024)","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843349"},{"citation":"J. van Baal, Dema: Description and Analysis of Marind-anim Culture (The Hague, 1966), pp. 267-268","url":"https://www.papuaerfgoed.org/sites/default/files/collectie/files/2003-10/Van%20Baal_1966_Dema.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260428065216/https://www.papuaerfgoed.org/sites/default/files/collectie/files/2003-10/Van%20Baal_1966_Dema.pdf"}],"source_citations":"Matthew J. Carroll, Wolfgang Barth, Nicholas Evans et al., Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database (University of Melbourne), concept 'bullroarer'; CLDF dataset derived from Carroll et al., \"Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database\", Lexibank release v1.0 (2024); J. van Baal, Dema: Description and Analysis of Marind-anim Culture (The Hague, 1966), pp. 267-268","source_display":"Matthew J. Carroll, Wolfgang Barth, Nicholas Evans et al., Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database (University of Melbourne), concept 'bullroarer'; CLDF dataset derived from Carroll et al., \"Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database\", Lexibank release v1.0 (2024); J. van Baal, Dema: Description and Analysis of Marind-anim Culture (The…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A bullroarer, called sosam; its form is not recorded.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"low","attestation_label":"lexical attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"arammba","display_name":"Kiriwa sosam","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/bm_E_Oc1894-105.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/bm_E_Oc1894-105_thumb.jpg","alt":"A long plain New Guinea blade, yellow-brown with a pointed end and an end hole carrying a small museum tag.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum (E/Oc1894-105)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Oc1894-105","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A New Guinea bull-roarer","pool_id":"auto-museum_harvest--bm_E_Oc1894-105","auto_assigned":true,"last_modified":"2026-10-19"},"slug":"carroll2024-011-arammba-speakers-kiriwa"}