{"id":"CARROLL2024-003","label":"Kinkin mələs","people_or_site":"Taeme speakers, Kinkin","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Kinkin village, Pahoturi River country, South Fly District, Western Province","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"mələs","source_term":"bullroarer: mələs","source_language":"Taeme","object_description":"A bullroarer, called mələs; its form is not recorded.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"lexical_attestation","source_key":"carroll2024_yamfinder","source_type":"academic_language_description","source_url":"https://yamfinder.com/","page_or_plate":"Yamfinder concept 52 'bullroarer'; CLDF taeme-52-1 'mələs'; language Taeme; village Kinkin; source code kl.","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Kinkin village point (OpenStreetMap node, South Fly District); Lindsey 2019 p. 229 Table 88 lists Kinkin among both Ende and Taeme villages; village anchor, not a collection point","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"At Kinkin, in the Pahoturi River country of south-western Papua New Guinea, two languages share one village and each has its own name for the bullroarer. Taeme speakers call it mələs. Their Ende-speaking neighbours say waglla, and to the Ende the waglla was the voice of their first words, cut from a palm and swung at Boze when the Ende and Agob languages began. Taeme and Ende are sister languages of the small Pahoturi family.","pull_quote":"","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"","term_gloss":"mələs: bullroarer (Yamfinder, Taeme, Kinkin, Kate L. Lindsey field data)","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Matthew J. Carroll, Wolfgang Barth, Nicholas Evans et al., Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database (University of Melbourne), concept 'bullroarer'","url":"https://yamfinder.com/"},{"citation":"CLDF dataset derived from Carroll et al., \"Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database\", Lexibank release v1.0 (2024)","url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10843349"},{"citation":"Kate L. Lindsey, Ghost Elements in Ende Phonology (PhD dissertation, Stanford University, 2019), p. 229","url":"https://purl.stanford.edu/ys194fp6634","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261010142155/https://purl.stanford.edu/ys194fp6634"}],"source_citations":"Matthew J. Carroll, Wolfgang Barth, Nicholas Evans et al., Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database (University of Melbourne), concept 'bullroarer'; CLDF dataset derived from Carroll et al., \"Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database\", Lexibank release v1.0 (2024); Kate L. Lindsey, Ghost Elements in Ende Phonology (PhD dissertation, Stanford University, 2019), p. 229","source_display":"Matthew J. Carroll, Wolfgang Barth, Nicholas Evans et al., Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database (University of Melbourne), concept 'bullroarer'; CLDF dataset derived from Carroll et al., \"Yamfinder: The Southern New Guinea Lexical Database\", Lexibank release v1.0 (2024); Kate L. Lindsey, Ghost Elements in Ende Phonology (PhD dissertation…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A bullroarer, called mələs; its form is not recorded.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"lexical attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"taeme","display_name":"Kinkin mələs","image":{"full":"assets/objects/ZFE1888-001_zfe20_krause_vi10342.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/ZFE1888-001_zfe20_krause_vi10342_thumb.jpg","credit":"E. Krause, Verhandlungen der Berliner Ges. f. Anthropologie, 26. Mai 1888, in ZfE 20 (1888), p. (267) — HathiTrust, Univ. of Michigan copy","license":"Public domain","source_page":"https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015034718224&seq=583","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Conservator E. Krause's three zincographs of the gadfly bullroarer, 1888","pool_id":"auto-ZFE1888-001_zfe20_krause_vi10342","auto_assigned":true,"last_modified":"2026-10-19"},"slug":"carroll2024-003-taeme-speakers-kinkin"}