{"id":"BROWN1913-002","label":"Ngarluma (Ngaluma) banangari bullroarer","people_or_site":"Ngarluma (Ngaluma)","country_current":"Australia","historic_region":"Pilbara coast between Maitland and Sherlock rivers","macroregion":"Australia","local_name":"banangari","source_term":"bullroarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"Bullroarer worn fastened in the rear headband; no object dimensions, cord, or figure supplied.","function_summary":"Given during initiation and worn behind the head. Women attended some parts of the ceremony but were excluded from other unspecified parts.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"radcliffe_brown_1913_ngaluma_banangari","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://zenodo.org/records/2209195","page_or_plate":"printed p. 174; PDF p. 33 | Bern 1903 Gualla/Turner River object record","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Roebourne district regional anchor within Brown's Ngaluma coastal territory; not a performance site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"When a Ngarluma boy came back from the journey to fetch friends from neighbouring camps for his initiation, his arms were bound with fur string, his body painted red, and eagle-hawk feathers fixed in his hair. Then he received the banangari, fastened behind his head in the headband. Women witnessed part of the ceremony; other parts were closed to them.","pull_quote":"A bullroarer (banangari) is given to him and he wears this fastened in his head-band at the back of his head.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Brown 1913:174","term_gloss":"banangari: Ngarluma name recorded by Brown for the bullroarer; no literal lexical gloss recovered","cls":"sacred","class_label":"Sacred / spirit","color":"#8A5A2B","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"A. R. Brown, 'Three Tribes of Western Australia,' Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 43 (1913), p. 174","url":"https://zenodo.org/records/2209195","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20251008172141/https://zenodo.org/records/2209195"},{"citation":"Bern museum, Gualla/Turner River object record (1903)"}],"source_citations":"A. R. Brown, 'Three Tribes of Western Australia,' Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 43 (1913), p. 174; Bern museum, Gualla/Turner River object record (1903)","source_display":"A. R. Brown, 'Three Tribes of Western Australia,' Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 43 (1913), p. 174; Bern museum, Gualla/Turner River object record (1903)","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Bullroarer worn fastened in the rear headband; no object dimensions, cord, or figure supplied.","function_display":"Given during initiation and worn behind the head. Women attended some parts of the ceremony but were excluded from other unspecified parts.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"ngarluma","display_name":"Ngarluma (Ngaluma) banangari bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/AUSIN-025_hambly1936_fig10.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/AUSIN-025_hambly1936_fig10_thumb.jpg","alt":"Gascoyne bullroarer, a dark, blunt-ended blade with dense crosshatched surface marks (fig. 10).","credit":"W. D. Hambly, Primitive Hunters of Australia (Field Museum of Natural History, 1936), plate I, fig. 10","license":"Published 1936 (US); no copyright renewal found (Stanford Copyright Renewal Database) — treated as public domain","source_page":"https://archive.org/details/primitivehunters32hambl","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Gascoyne bullroarer","pool_id":"australia-gascoyne","auto_assigned":true},"slug":"brown1913-002-ngarluma-ngaluma"}