{"id":"BRODAR1999-001","label":"Divje Babe perforated jaw fragment","people_or_site":"Divje Babe I cave, layer 14","country_current":"Slovenia","historic_region":"Cerkno / Idrijca valley, western Slovenia","macroregion":"Europe","local_name":"brnivka","source_term":"Schwirrholz / brnivka","source_language":"German / Slovenian","object_description":"A broad, broken cave-bear jaw fragment with a single perforation near one edge, excavated from Layer 14 in 1982.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"archaeological_find","source_key":"brodar1999_divje_babe_coronoid_taf6_8","source_type":"archaeological_article","source_url":"https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/view/8141","page_or_plate":"Brodar 1999, printed pp. 20, 31 and 34-35, plate 6 no. 8 at printed p. 57; Omerzel Terlep 1998, printed p. 171","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"candidate_only","coordinate_basis":"Published public coordinate for the Divje Babe I cave above the Idrijca valley, municipality of Cerkno; a cave anchor, not a layer or findspot coordinate.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"The age is the solid part of this story. Layer 14 belongs to a deposit formed roughly 90,000–70,000 years ago—deep in Neanderthal time. The interpretation came first, under a different chronology. Mira Omerzel Terlep called the perforated cave-bear fragment seemingly made for a prehistoric brnivka and compatible with an amulet; Mitja Brodar adopted that possibility while arguing that Divje Babe I belonged with the Aurignacian. Later ESR dating removed that cultural setting without proving what the object was. If its hole is human-made, the fragment could be an extraordinary Neanderthal symbolic object. But a hole alone cannot distinguish ornament from tool, and no cord, use-wear study, measurement, or sounding test shows that it ever hung from a body or turned through the air.","pull_quote":"Ploščat rogelj jamskega medveda z luknjo je kot ustvarjen za prazgodovinsko brnivko, ki seveda uporabe roglja kot amuleta ne izključuje, temveč le potrjuje.","pull_quote_translation":"The flat cave-bear coronoid process with a hole is as if made for a prehistoric bullroarer; this of course does not exclude use of the process as an amulet, but rather confirms it.","pull_quote_cite":"Omerzel Terlep 1998:171","term_gloss":"brnivka: Slovenian bullroarer or whirring sound-maker; Schwirrholz: German 'whirring wood', Brodar's term.","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":true,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"f_archaeology":true,"archaeology_kind":"object","date_display":"c. 88,000–68,000 BC","date_qualification":"ESR dating of Layers 13–14, about 80,000 years ago, with its published uncertainty; the fragment itself is not directly dated.","date_basis":"stratigraphic","date_confidence":"medium","date_citation":"Blackwell et al. 2007, ESR Dating at Divje Babe I, pp. 140–156; Brodar 1999, p. 31 and pl. 6 no. 8","sources":[{"citation":"Mitja Brodar, \"Die Kultur aus der Höhle Divje babe I / Kultura iz jame Divje babe I,\" Arheološki vestnik 50 (1999): 9-57, pp. 20, 31, 34-35, plate 6 no. 8 at p. 57","url":"https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/view/8141","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013033335/https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/view/8141"},{"citation":"Mira Omerzel-Terlep, 'Prehistoric stone and bone percussion instruments, scrapers, idiophones, rattles and bullroarers,' Etnolog 8 (1998), p. 171"}],"source_citations":"Mitja Brodar, \"Die Kultur aus der Höhle Divje babe I / Kultura iz jame Divje babe I,\" Arheološki vestnik 50 (1999): 9-57, pp. 20, 31, 34-35, plate 6 no. 8 at p. 57; Mira Omerzel-Terlep, 'Prehistoric stone and bone percussion instruments, scrapers, idiophones, rattles and bullroarers,' Etnolog 8 (1998), p. 171","source_display":"Mitja Brodar, \"Die Kultur aus der Höhle Divje babe I / Kultura iz jame Divje babe I,\" Arheološki vestnik 50 (1999): 9-57, pp. 20, 31, 34-35, plate 6 no. 8 at p. 57; Mira Omerzel-Terlep, 'Prehistoric stone and bone percussion instruments, scrapers, idiophones, rattles and bullroarers,' Etnolog 8 (1998), p. 171","date_citation_display":"Blackwell et al. 2007, ESR Dating at Divje Babe I, pp. 140–156; Brodar 1999, p. 31 and pl. 6 no. 8","object_display":"A broad, broken cave-bear jaw fragment with a single perforation near one edge, excavated from Layer 14 in 1982.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"archaeological find","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"divje babe","display_name":"Divje Babe perforated jaw fragment","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BRODAR1999-001_divje_babe_coronoid_plate6_8.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BRODAR1999-001_divje_babe_coronoid_plate6_8_thumb.jpg","credit":"Mitja Brodar, Arheološki vestnik 50 (1999), plate 6 no. 8","license":"CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 article; exact low-resolution figure excerpt for noncommercial research","source_page":"https://ojs.zrc-sazu.si/av/article/view/8141","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Mitja Brodar’s full-size drawing of the perforated cave-bear jaw fragment from Divje Babe I."},"slug":"brodar1999-001-divje-babe-i-cave-layer-14"}