{"id":"BEAVER1920-001","label":"Hidden voice of the turtle effigy","people_or_site":"Parama (Gebarubi), Parama Island","country_current":"Papua New Guinea","historic_region":"Parama (Bampton) Island, Fly estuary, Western Province","macroregion":"Oceania / Sahul","local_name":"","source_term":"charm something in the nature of a small bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"A small swung charm likened to a bullroarer; its form and name are not recorded.","function_summary":"Swung at night before a turtle hunt beside a wooden figure of a man, to attract the turtles; women did not see the charm and believed the figure itself was making the noise.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"beaver1920_unexplored_new_guinea","source_type":"published_account","source_url":"https://archive.org/details/unexplorednewgui00beavuoft/page/57/mode/1up","page_or_plate":"pp. 55–57; charm p. 57","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Parama Island (Nominatim -9.002/143.414); Beaver places the village on the seaward side of Bampton behind a wide reef. Not Daru.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"On the night before the turtle canoes went out, a wooden figure of a man was set up in Parama village, and it began to make a noise. The women believed the figure itself was calling; they never saw the small swung charm that gave it its voice. The sound was meant to draw the turtles in. November and December, when turtles float sleeping in pairs on the surface, made one of the seasons of the Parama year, like yam planting and the turn of the monsoon. The canoes put out by day or on moonlit nights with charms called kobai on their prows; a harpooner speared the turtle, leapt onto its back and lashed a rope to a flipper. The Parama, reef people of Bampton Island off the Fly estuary who spoke a language close to Kiwai, guarded their reef fiercely, and much of their lore belonged to the sea.","pull_quote":"The women do not see this charm and they believe that the figure itself is making the noise.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"W. N. Beaver, Unexplored New Guinea (1920), p. 57","term_gloss":"Gebarubi: Beaver's name for the Parama people. kobai: charms placed on the prows of turtle canoes (not the swung charm).","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"W. N. Beaver, Unexplored New Guinea (London: Seeley, Service, 1920), pp. 55–57","url":"https://archive.org/details/unexplorednewgui00beavuoft/page/57/mode/1up"}],"source_citations":"W. N. Beaver, Unexplored New Guinea (London: Seeley, Service, 1920), pp. 55–57","source_display":"W. N. Beaver, Unexplored New Guinea (London: Seeley, Service, 1920), pp. 55–57","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A small swung charm likened to a bullroarer; its form and name are not recorded.","function_display":"Swung at night before a turtle hunt beside a wooden figure of a man, to attract the turtles; women did not see the charm and believed the figure itself was making the noise.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"parama","display_name":"Hidden voice of the turtle effigy","image":{"full":"assets/objects/hunt_2026_10_19/BEAVER1920-001_haddon1901_fig8.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/hunt_2026_10_19/BEAVER1920-001_haddon1901_fig8_thumb.jpg","alt":"Period drawing of three carved oval bullroarers on cords beside two small carved human figures, captioned Agricultural Charms of Kiwai.","credit":"A. C. Haddon, Head-hunters: Black, White, and Brown (1901), fig. 8","license":"Public domain","source_page":"https://archive.org/details/headhuntersblack00hadduoft/page/105/mode/1up","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Kiwai madubu, bullroarers for yams, with two sago effigies."},"slug":"beaver1920-001-parama-gebarubi-parama-island"}