{"id":"BAUMANN1932-001","label":"Chokwe (Tsokwe) ndumbamwela bullroarer","people_or_site":"Chokwe (Tsokwe)","country_current":"Angola","historic_region":"N.O. Angola (Lunda/Moxico Chokwe heartland)","macroregion":"Africa / Southern Africa","local_name":"ndumbamwela","source_term":"Schwirrholz","source_language":"German","object_description":"A flat oval board with a single central hole, whirled on a bark cord.","function_summary":"A children's toy.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"baumann1932_tsokwe_ndumbamwela","source_type":"primary_ethnography","source_url":"https://www.digi-hub.de/viewer/fulltext/1500547393141/219/","page_or_plate":"p. 13, Abb. 19","map_confidence":"low","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Anchored on Dundo, Lunda Norte -- the historic center of Chokwe material-culture documentation in NE Angola, where Baumann's own Angola collection was later catalogued -- as a named district-level anchor; not a claim that the demonstration happened there. Baumann's own text gives only \"N.O. Angola.\"","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Hermann Baumann asked after bullroarers among the Tsokwe for a long time and got nothing, until one day, while he was asking about children's games, a man turned up with one and demonstrated it as a toy. Baumann wondered afterward whether the lion in its name once meant more, echoing the roaring that opens circumcision rites elsewhere in the region.","pull_quote":"Das flache, ovale Brett hatte ein Loch in der Mitte und wurde mit einer Rindenschnur um den Kopf geschwungen. Er nannte es \"ndumbamwela\", d. h. Löwenbrüllen.","pull_quote_translation":"The flat, oval board had a hole in the middle and was swung around the head on a bark cord. He called it \"ndumbamwela,\" that is, lion-roaring.","pull_quote_cite":"Baumann 1932:13","term_gloss":"ndumbamwela: \"lion-roaring\", Baumann's gloss (Löwenbrüllen).","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Hermann Baumann, 'Die Mannbarkeitsfeiern bei den Tsokwe (N.O. Angola; Westafrika) und ihre Nachbarn,' Baessler-Archiv 15.1 (1932), p. 13 and Abb. 19","url":"https://www.digi-hub.de/viewer/fulltext/1500547393141/219/","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261013002333/https://www.digi-hub.de/viewer/fulltext/1500547393141/219/"}],"source_citations":"Hermann Baumann, 'Die Mannbarkeitsfeiern bei den Tsokwe (N.O. Angola; Westafrika) und ihre Nachbarn,' Baessler-Archiv 15.1 (1932), p. 13 and Abb. 19","source_display":"Hermann Baumann, 'Die Mannbarkeitsfeiern bei den Tsokwe (N.O. Angola; Westafrika) und ihre Nachbarn,' Baessler-Archiv 15.1 (1932), p. 13 and Abb. 19","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A flat oval board with a single central hole, whirled on a bark cord.","function_display":"A children's toy.","confidence_display":"low","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"chokwe","display_name":"Chokwe (Tsokwe) ndumbamwela bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BAUMANN1932-001_baumann1932-001-ndumbamwela-abb19.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BAUMANN1932-001_baumann1932-001-ndumbamwela-abb19_thumb.jpg","credit":"Hermann Baumann, “Die Mannbarkeitsfeiern bei den Tsokwe,” Baessler-Archiv 15.1, 1932, p. 13, Abb. 19; digitized by Universitätsbibliothek der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin","license":"Copyright status unresolved (1932 publication; author died 1972); rehosted for non-commercial research. No open licence established.","source_page":"https://www.digi-hub.de/viewer/fulltext/1500547393141/219/","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Chokwe ndumbamwela, a children’s toy bullroarer, as illustrated by Baumann in 1932."},"slug":"baumann1932-001-chokwe-tsokwe"}