{"id":"BATCH4-015","label":"G|ui, the elders’ secret summons","people_or_site":"G/wi and G//ana","country_current":"Botswana","historic_region":"Central Kalahari Reserve","macroregion":"Africa / Southern Africa","local_name":"gíg/ù","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"A slender 30 cm handle with about 5 cm of free leather lace and a thinner 15 cm rotor tipped with a carefully trimmed korhaan tail feather.","function_summary":"Children's rhythmic toy among the G/wi and G//ana; among the G|ui, a secret signal of the men's horoha initiation, calling elders to a kori-bustard feast.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"nurse1972_gwi_gana_gigu","source_type":"primary_field_report","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v5i2.1415","page_or_plate":"Sugawara2015 pp.13–15; Nurse1972 p.26, fig.4","map_confidence":"medium_high","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Representative midpoint of the Central Kalahari Reserve bounds; Nurse maps the communities to the reserve but gives no camp coordinate.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"A G|ui man who caught a kori bustard could roast it, hide it in a tree, then slip out at night as though going to the toilet. He lit a little fire and swung a bullroarer: the old men understood and ran through the darkness to eat. Kireho told Kazuyoshi Sugawara this secret summons belonged to horoha, a men’s initiation whose name meant having the bustard’s crest. Sugawara and Jiro Tanaka arranged a reenactment in 1984. Children had bullroarers too. G. T. Nurse watched G/wi and G//ana boys whirl a rotor tipped with a trimmed korhaan tail feather while girls and boys clapped, hummed or sang. The adults found his wish to buy one ridiculous: these were children’s things, though men made them.","pull_quote":"A bull-roarer ... was played only by young boys. It was capable of being whirled around in several different rhythms.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Nurse, African Music 5.2 (1972), p. 26.","term_gloss":"gíg/ù: Nurse's G/wi-G//ana name for the feather-bladed bullroarer, with high tone on the i. The Geneva museum labels its G/wi specimen g/ang/an.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation","toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Kazuyoshi Sugawara, “The Emergence of the Past in ‘Now-and-Here’ through Narratives: Discourse Analysis among the G|ui Foragers,” Intercultural Communication Review 13 (2015), pp. 7-20, at pp. 13-15"},{"citation":"G. T. Nurse, “Musical Instrumentation among the San (Bushmen) of the Central Kalahari,” African Music 5(2) (1972), pp. 23-27, at p. 26, fig. 4","url":"https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v5i2.1415"},{"citation":"Musée d'ethnographie de Genève, ETHMU 040238"}],"source_citations":"Kazuyoshi Sugawara, “The Emergence of the Past in ‘Now-and-Here’ through Narratives: Discourse Analysis among the G|ui Foragers,” Intercultural Communication Review 13 (2015), pp. 7-20, at pp. 13-15; G. T. Nurse, “Musical Instrumentation among the San (Bushmen) of the Central Kalahari,” African Music 5(2) (1972), pp. 23-27, at p. 26, fig. 4; Musée d'ethnographie de Genève, ETHMU 040238","source_display":"Kazuyoshi Sugawara, “The Emergence of the Past in ‘Now-and-Here’ through Narratives: Discourse Analysis among the G|ui Foragers,” Intercultural Communication Review 13 (2015), pp. 7-20, at pp. 13-15; G. T. Nurse, “Musical Instrumentation among the San (Bushmen) of the Central Kalahari,” African Music 5(2) (1972), pp. 23-27, at p. 26, fig. 4; Musée…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A slender 30 cm handle with about 5 cm of free leather lace and a thinner 15 cm rotor tipped with a carefully trimmed korhaan tail feather.","function_display":"Children's rhythmic toy among the G/wi and G//ana; among the G|ui, a secret signal of the men's horoha initiation, calling elders to a kori-bustard feast.","confidence_display":"medium to high","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"","display_name":"G|ui, the elders’ secret summons","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BATCH4-015_batch4-015-nurse1972-fig4.png","thumb":"assets/objects/BATCH4-015_batch4-015-nurse1972-fig4_thumb.jpg","alt":"Nurse’s drawing of a G/wi feather-bladed gíg/ù, with a dark tapered feather suspended by a curved cord from a long stick.","credit":"G. T. Nurse, “Musical Instrumentation among the San (Bushmen) of the Central Kalahari,” African Music 5(2), 1972, p. 26, fig. 4","license":"Archived journal metadata states CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; the current official article page says copyright/license information is unavailable. Rehosted for non-commercial research; applicable licence requires confirmation.","source_page":"https://doi.org/10.21504/amj.v5i2.1415","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"G/wi feather-bladed gíg/ù, from Nurse's 1972 survey of Central Kalahari instruments.","additional":[{"full":"assets/objects/SAFR-003_weltmuseum_vo85396_san.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/SAFR-003_weltmuseum_vo85396_san_thumb.jpg","alt":"San thunder stick from Oas, Omaheke: a broad wooden blade with a rounded end, leather thong wound near the tapered end and a short connected stick below.","credit":"© KHM-Museumsverband (Weltmuseum Wien), inv. 85396","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 (KHM-Museumsverband / Weltmuseum Wien) — ©KHM-Museumsverband credit required; rehosted low-res","source_page":"https://www.weltmuseumwien.at/en/objects/schwirrholz-912191","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"San wooden bullroarer from Omaheke/Oas in the Kalahari."},{"full":"assets/objects/BATCH4-015_meg_ethmu_040238.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BATCH4-015_meg_ethmu_040238_thumb.jpg","alt":"A G/wi g/ang/an from the Central Kalahari, with a long handle, connecting lace and feathered rotor.","credit":"Musée d'ethnographie de Genève (MEG), ETHMU 040238 (coll. Carlos Valiente-Noailles, 1979)","license":"© Musée d'ethnographie de Genève — reproduction rights apply; rehosted low-res for non-commercial research","source_page":"https://collections.geneve.ch/meg/catalogue/musinfo_public.php?id=040238","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"A G/wi g/ang/an from the Central Kalahari — bowed handle, leather lace, feather-tipped rotor."}]},"slug":"batch4-015-g-wi-and-g-ana"}