{"id":"BARRETT1933-001","label":"Yosemite Valley pine bullroarers","people_or_site":"Yosemite Valley (attribution reputed Southern Miwok)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"California / central Sierra Nevada / Yosemite Valley","macroregion":"North America / California","local_name":"","source_term":"bull-roarer","source_language":"English","object_description":"A pair of pine bullroarers from Yosemite Valley.","function_summary":"Not recorded.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"barrett_gifford1933_miwok_material_culture_p251","source_type":"ethnographic_monograph","source_url":"https://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/miwok_material_culture/miwok_material_culture.pdf","page_or_plate":"Barrett and Gifford 1933, printed p. 251","map_confidence":"low_medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Yosemite Valley floor anchor, matching the only locality Barrett and Gifford give. Not a village, camp or collection-event coordinate; no findspot within the valley is recorded.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"At Ahwahnee, just below Yosemite Valley, the Southern Miwok bullroarer was a wooden plaything reserved to men; elsewhere among the Southern Sierra Miwok it was a boy's toy, and a profane one. This pair of pine blades, collected in Yosemite Valley by Dr. J. W. Hudson for Chicago's Field Museum, was reputed to be Southern Miwok — which would make them toys of that kind, not voices hidden inside a ceremony.","pull_quote":"As a toy, usually used by boys, its use was profane.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Robert F. Heizer, 'Some Prehistoric Bullroarers from California Caves' (1960), p. 7","term_gloss":"","cls":"unknown","class_label":"Function not recorded","color":"#6B7884","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"S. A. Barrett and E. W. Gifford, Miwok Material Culture: Indian Life of the Yosemite Region, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4) (1933), p. 251; Robert F. Heizer, 'Some Prehistoric Bullroarers from California Caves' (1960), p. 7; B. W. Aginsky, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXIV, Central Sierra,' Anthropological Records 8:4 (1943), pp. 394, 425, elements 1233-1244 (column M1, Southern Miwok of Ahwahnee)","url":"https://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/miwok_material_culture/miwok_material_culture.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20250916071919/https://www.yosemite.ca.us/library/miwok_material_culture/miwok_material_culture.pdf"}],"source_citations":"S. A. Barrett and E. W. Gifford, Miwok Material Culture: Indian Life of the Yosemite Region, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4) (1933), p. 251; Robert F. Heizer, 'Some Prehistoric Bullroarers from California Caves' (1960), p. 7; B. W. Aginsky, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXIV, Central Sierra,' Anthropological Records 8:4 (1943), pp. 394, 425, elements 1233-1244 (column M1, Southern Miwok of Ahwahnee)","source_display":"S. A. Barrett and E. W. Gifford, Miwok Material Culture: Indian Life of the Yosemite Region, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 2(4) (1933), p. 251; Robert F. Heizer, 'Some Prehistoric Bullroarers from California Caves' (1960), p. 7; B. W. Aginsky, 'Culture Element Distributions: XXIV, Central Sierra,' Anthropological Records 8:4…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"A pair of pine bullroarers from Yosemite Valley.","function_display":"Not recorded.","confidence_display":"low to medium","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"yosemite valley","display_name":"Yosemite Valley pine bullroarers","image":{"full":"assets/objects/review_2026_07_15/NAEXP-001_penn22127_front.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/review_2026_07_15/thumbs/NAEXP-001_penn22127_front_thumb.jpg","alt":"An Oglala bull-roarer's long, rough wooden handle stick, shown horizontally.","credit":"Object 22127. Courtesy of the Penn Museum.","license":"Penn Museum — educational/non-commercial use","source_page":"https://collections.penn.museum/collections/object/160668","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"The long whirling stick of an Oglala bullroarer.","pool_id":"auto-review_2026_07_15--NAEXP-001_penn22127_front"},"slug":"barrett1933-001-yosemite-valley-attribution-reputed-southern-miwok"}