{"id":"AUSMAIN-001","label":"Wiknatara (Wik-Iiyanh)","people_or_site":"Wiknatara (Wik-Iiyanh)","country_current":"Australia","historic_region":"Western Cape York, Aurukun region","macroregion":"Australia / Cape York Peninsula","local_name":"moiya / pakapaka / moipaka","source_term":"moiya / pakapaka / moipaka","source_language":"English","object_description":"Wik-Mungkan and Wiknatara bullroarer totem complex: moiya, pakapaka, and male/female moipaka bullroarers.","function_summary":"Women-first and gendered bullroarer myth: girls first sing and whirl the bullroarers, then leave them to men; Wiknatara moipaka are male/female husband-and-wife bullroarers.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"mining2026","source_type":"secondary_literature","source_url":"https://archive.org/stream/eternalonesofdre00rohe/eternalonesofdre00rohe_djvu.txt","page_or_plate":"Roheim/McConnel source chain; McConnel AA191/29 and AA191/16/43 identifiers | AIATSIS MCCONNEL_U01-001390A, 00:11:35–00:29:48","map_confidence":"high","plot_status":"plot","coordinate_basis":"approximate territory centroid (mining 2026)","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"\"It belongs to us women, we found it\" — so the girls sing in the Wik-Mungkan and Wiknatara myth, whirling the bullroarers they discovered before ceding them: \"But no matter! We leave it for the men! It is they who will always use it.\" Then they hid the roarer in the crack of a bloodwood tree and went down under the water, and that place became the auwa, the totem centre of the bullroarer. Four voices sound in the story: the Wik-Mungkan moiya and pakapaka, and the Wiknatara moipaka, a husband-and-wife pair, one bullroarer male and one female, married to each other. Among these Cape York peoples the roarer also closes a boy's initiation and turns in a married man's love-magic.","pull_quote":"The moipaka is swung to attract the attention of a married woman. If it is swung outside the camp she will come out of curiosity to see what it is. The swinger then quickly hides it, for should a woman see it she would cease to be curious and hence the charm would not work.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Roheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream (1945), p. 79, after McConnel, 'Myths of the Wikmunkan and Wiknatara Tribes' (1935)","term_gloss":"moiya and pakapaka: Wik-Mungkan bullroarers; moipaka: Wiknatara bullroarers, male and female, described as husband and wife.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation","women_taboo","women_special","female_priority_myth"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":true,"f_snake":false,"etymology":"The moipaka of the Wiknatara are a male and female pair of bullroarers explicitly said to be husband and wife — the male phallus-shaped, the female described as a wantyu pian or 'grown-up woman' — swung by married men as a charm to draw a married woman's attention. The account is Ursula McConnel's, as summarized and quoted by Geza Roheim.","literal_gloss":"","semantic_cluster":"ancestor; sacred_object","etymology_confidence":"medium","sources":[{"citation":"Ursula McConnel, 'Myths of the Wikmunkan and Wiknatara Tribes,' Oceania 6(1) (1935), pp. 66-93; Géza Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream (New York: International Universities Press, 1945), pp. 79-82; Billy Mammus (Bambeigan), men's bullroarer narratives and songs recorded by Ursula McConnel, Watson River, 1934, 00:11:35–00:29:48 (AIATSIS)","url":"https://archive.org/stream/eternalonesofdre00rohe/eternalonesofdre00rohe_djvu.txt"}],"source_citations":"Ursula McConnel, 'Myths of the Wikmunkan and Wiknatara Tribes,' Oceania 6(1) (1935), pp. 66-93; Géza Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream (New York: International Universities Press, 1945), pp. 79-82; Billy Mammus (Bambeigan), men's bullroarer narratives and songs recorded by Ursula McConnel, Watson River, 1934, 00:11:35–00:29:48 (AIATSIS)","source_display":"Ursula McConnel, 'Myths of the Wikmunkan and Wiknatara Tribes,' Oceania 6(1) (1935), pp. 66-93; Géza Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream (New York: International Universities Press, 1945), pp. 79-82; Billy Mammus (Bambeigan), men's bullroarer narratives and songs recorded by Ursula McConnel, Watson River, 1934, 00:11:35–00:29:48 (AIATSIS)","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Wik-Mungkan and Wiknatara bullroarer totem complex: moiya, pakapaka, and male/female moipaka bullroarers.","function_display":"Women-first and gendered bullroarer myth: girls first sing and whirl the bullroarers, then leave them to men; Wiknatara moipaka are male/female husband-and-wife bullroarers.","confidence_display":"high","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"wiknatara","display_name":"Wiknatara (Wik-Iiyanh)","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/wmmissed_2.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/wmmissed_2_thumb.jpg","alt":"A reddish wooden blade with four large incised circular designs, each filled with concentric rings.","credit":"Wereldmuseum / NMVW (acc. RV-2087-5)","license":"CC-BY-SA","source_page":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/733997","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A wooden board carved with a line of concentric circles."},"slug":"ausmain-001-wiknatara-wik-iiyanh"}