{"id":"AUSIN-005","label":"Wik-Mungkan moiya and paka paka bullroarer myths","people_or_site":"Wik-Mungkan / Archer Kendall Edward Rivers","country_current":"Australia","historic_region":"Western Cape York","macroregion":"Australia / Queensland","local_name":"moiya / paka paka / moipaka","source_term":"moiya","source_language":"English","object_description":"Wik-Mungkan bullroarer myth cycle (moiya, paka paka) in Ursula McConnel's records at the South Australian Museum.","function_summary":"Clan-totem bullroarer of the Wik-Mungkan, swung by young initiates at the close of the first initiation and forbidden to women.","attestation_type":"museum_specimen","source_key":"MCCONNEL_AA191_29","source_type":"samuseum_archive","source_url":"https://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/collection/archives/provenances/series/aa-191-29","page_or_plate":"McConnel, Oceania 6(1), 1935, pp. 80-83 (\"The Bullroarers (Moiya and Moipaka),\" told by Bambeigan; free translation); short version Oceania 1(2), 1930, pp. 200-201. South Australian Museum AA191-29 phonograph record is the companion audio.","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Aurukun regional anchor for Wik-Mungkan material; archive spans several rivers","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"During the Wik-Mungkan first initiation a newly made man may eat no flying-fox and speak to no woman — and the moiya bullroarer's own myth warns what happens if he breaks that law. Two youths did, spearing flying-fox on the Watson River with girls who helped cook the catch; back in camp the roasting animals came alive, rose in a cloud, and hooked the young men off the ground with the claws of their wings, never seen again. The fleeing girls sank into the water at Kalabin, where one found the first moiya lying on the riverbed and swung it before she too went down. Ever after the roarer sounds only at the close of first initiation, and is forbidden to women.","pull_quote":"The flying-fox are alive! Their wings are moving!","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"McConnel, Oceania 6 (1935), p. 82, quoted in Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream (1945), p. 175","term_gloss":"moiya: the smaller of the two Wik-Mungkan bullroarers, a plain leaf-shaped board that stands for a young girl just entering puberty, and a clan totem; paka paka, the longer red-and-white board, stands for a girl fully grown. The Wiknatara next door swing a pair of their own, the moipaka, husband and wife.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["initiation","women_taboo","women_special","female_priority_myth"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":true,"f_snake":false,"etymology":"moiya: the smaller of the two Wik-Mungkan bullroarers, a plain leaf-shaped board that stands for a young girl just entering puberty; also a clan totem.","literal_gloss":"bullroarer (the small, leaf-shaped initiation bullroarer; symbolically 'a young girl just entering puberty')","semantic_cluster":"initiation; clan_or_ritual_office; name_only","etymology_confidence":"medium","sources":[{"citation":"South Australian Museum, Ursula McConnel archive, AA191-29, “Myth of the Bull-Roarer,” Moiya/Paka Paka folders and phonograph record","url":"https://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/collection/archives/provenances/series/aa-191-29","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260412030038/https://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/collection/archives/provenances/series/aa-191-29"},{"citation":"Ursula McConnel, “The Bullroarers (Moiya and Moipaka),” Oceania 6(1) (1935), pp. 80-83; p. 82 quoted in Róheim 1945, p. 175"},{"citation":"Ursula McConnel, Oceania 1(2) (1930), pp. 200-201 (short version)"},{"citation":"Géza Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream (1945), p. 175"}],"source_citations":"South Australian Museum, Ursula McConnel archive, AA191-29, “Myth of the Bull-Roarer,” Moiya/Paka Paka folders and phonograph record; Ursula McConnel, “The Bullroarers (Moiya and Moipaka),” Oceania 6(1) (1935), pp. 80-83; p. 82 quoted in Róheim 1945, p. 175; Ursula McConnel, Oceania 1(2) (1930), pp. 200-201 (short version); Géza Róheim, The Eternal Ones of the Dream (1945), p. 175","source_display":"South Australian Museum, Ursula McConnel archive, AA191-29, “Myth of the Bull-Roarer,” Moiya/Paka Paka folders and phonograph record; Ursula McConnel, “The Bullroarers (Moiya and Moipaka),” Oceania 6(1) (1935), pp. 80-83; p. 82 quoted in Róheim 1945, p. 175; Ursula McConnel, Oceania 1(2) (1930), pp. 200-201 (short version); Géza Róheim, The Eternal Ones of…","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Wik-Mungkan bullroarer myth cycle (moiya, paka paka) in Ursula McConnel's records at the South Australian Museum.","function_display":"Clan-totem bullroarer of the Wik-Mungkan, swung by young initiates at the close of the first initiation and forbidden to women.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"museum specimen","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"wik mungkan","display_name":"Wik-Mungkan moiya and paka paka bullroarer myths","image":{"full":"assets/objects/AUSIN-005_ausin-005-mcconnel1935-plateii-b.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/AUSIN-005_ausin-005-mcconnel1935-plateii-b_thumb.jpg","alt":"McConnel’s black-and-white photograph of the Wik-Mungkan paka paka ceremony: two men with white body markings stand while three others bend low in front of them.","credit":"Ursula H. McConnel, Myths of the Wikmunkan and Wiknatara Tribes, Oceania 6(1), 1935, Plate II B","license":"Rights not verified; no open image reuse license stated. Published 1935; rehosted from a public scan for non-commercial research.","source_page":"https://archive.org/download/sim_oceania_1935-09_6_1/sim_oceania_1935-09_6_1.pdf#page=107","rehosted":true,"representative":false,"caption":"Wik-Mungkan paka paka swung in McConnel’s ritual photograph, 1935, Plate II B."},"slug":"ausin-005-wik-mungkan-archer-kendall-edward-rivers"}