{"id":"ARETZ1976-001","label":"Atshuana pumbuentzade, Morona Santiago","people_or_site":"Atshuana","country_current":"Ecuador","historic_region":"Morona Santiago Province","macroregion":"South America / Upper Amazon","local_name":"pumbuentzade","source_term":"palo zumbador","source_language":"Spanish","object_description":"Palo zumbador: a board perforated at one end, threaded with a cord and spun to hum.","function_summary":"Children's game.","attestation_type":"secondary_catalog","source_key":"aretz1976_atshuana_pumbuentzade","source_type":"secondary_catalog","source_url":"https://www.joseperezdearcea.cl/_files/ugd/163345_219bcd774fa1489bbaacbb3e4adfb3a4.pdf","page_or_plate":"pp. 1816-1817 (PDF pp. 23-24)","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Morona Santiago province reference point; source names the province only.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"Among the Atshuana of Morona Santiago, in the forested foothills of Ecuador's Upper Amazon, the bullroarer belonged to the children. Spun on its cord, a palo zumbador seems to break the air: its hum climbs out of the low register, falls away below hearing, and suddenly climbs again.","pull_quote":"En la prov. Morona Santiago de Ecuador, los Atshuana lo llaman pumbuentzade y lo usan los niños como juego.","pull_quote_translation":"In Ecuador's Morona Santiago province, the Atshuana call it pumbuentzade and children use it as a game.","pull_quote_cite":"José Pérez de Arce, 'Aerófonos sin resonador, aerófonos de aire a presión,' Instrumentos Sonoros de Sudamérica (2025), p. 1817, citing cat 4000 Años 1976:18.","term_gloss":"pumbuentzade: the Atshuana name for the palo zumbador.","cls":"play_practical","class_label":"Play / practical","color":"#24766D","is_candidate":false,"flags":["toy_survival"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"José Pérez de Arce, 'Aerófonos sin resonador, aerófonos de aire a presión,' Instrumentos Sonoros de Sudamérica (2025), pp. 1815-1817","url":"https://www.joseperezdearcea.cl/_files/ugd/163345_219bcd774fa1489bbaacbb3e4adfb3a4.pdf","archive":"https://web.archive.org/web/20261012235112/https://www.joseperezdearcea.cl/_files/ugd/163345_219bcd774fa1489bbaacbb3e4adfb3a4.pdf"},{"citation":"Isabel Aretz, Cuatro mil años de música en el Ecuador (1976), p. 18, cited in Pérez de Arce (2025), p. 1817"}],"source_citations":"José Pérez de Arce, 'Aerófonos sin resonador, aerófonos de aire a presión,' Instrumentos Sonoros de Sudamérica (2025), pp. 1815-1817; Isabel Aretz, Cuatro mil años de música en el Ecuador (1976), p. 18, cited in Pérez de Arce (2025), p. 1817","source_display":"José Pérez de Arce, 'Aerófonos sin resonador, aerófonos de aire a presión,' Instrumentos Sonoros de Sudamérica (2025), pp. 1815-1817; Isabel Aretz, Cuatro mil años de música en el Ecuador (1976), p. 18, cited in Pérez de Arce (2025), p. 1817","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Palo zumbador: a board perforated at one end, threaded with a cord and spun to hum.","function_display":"Children's game.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"secondary catalog","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"atshuana","display_name":"Atshuana pumbuentzade, Morona Santiago","image":{"full":"assets/objects/MUS2026-142_smvk-vkm_1930.40.0129.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/MUS2026-142_smvk-vkm_1930.40.0129_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Ticuna mare collected in 1929 for the girls’ puberty festival mask dance: a long wooden swinging stick and a separate flat slat joined by cord.","credit":"Världskulturmuseet, Göteborg / SMVK (1930.40.0129)","license":"CC BY 4.0","source_page":"https://collections.smvk.se/carlotta-vkm/web/object/1930.40.0129","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Ticuna mare bullroarer from the western Amazon.","pool_id":"west-amazon-ticuna"},"slug":"aretz1976-001-atshuana-source-spelling"}