{"id":"ALUEDE2006-001","label":"Esan Alimin-Otor land-spirit bullroarer","people_or_site":"Esan","country_current":"Nigeria","historic_region":"Esanland / Edo State","macroregion":"Africa / West Africa","local_name":"Alimin-Otor","source_term":"Alimin-Otor","source_language":"English","object_description":"Carved wood attached to a cord and whirled through the air; exact profile unstated.","function_summary":"Midnight land-spirit procession; the sound conveys the presence of spirits; women and children remain indoors.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"aluede2006_esanaliminotor","source_type":"journal_article","source_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2006.11890952","page_or_plate":"p. 159","map_confidence":"medium","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Midpoint of Esanland's published bounds; the source names no town or performance site.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"At midnight in Esanland, the land spirits announced their procession with the roar of Alimin-Otor. Aluede describes a carved piece of wood tied to a cord and whirled through the air; women and children stayed indoors while the spirit company moved.","pull_quote":"a carved bob of wood attached to a cord which, when whirled through the air produces a terrifying roar.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"Charles O. Aluede, The Anthropomorphic Attributes of African Musical Instruments: History and Use in Esan, Nigeria, The Anthropologist 8(3) (2006): 159.","term_gloss":"Alimin-Otor: Esan for \"land spirits,\" the name of the bullroarer itself.","cls":"restricted","class_label":"Restricted","color":"#A43C2F","is_candidate":false,"flags":["spirit_voice","initiation","women_taboo"],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":true,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"Charles O. Aluede, 'The Anthropomorphic Attributes of African Musical Instruments: History and Use in Esan, Nigeria,' The Anthropologist 8(3) (2006): 157-160, p. 159","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2006.11890952"}],"source_citations":"Charles O. Aluede, 'The Anthropomorphic Attributes of African Musical Instruments: History and Use in Esan, Nigeria,' The Anthropologist 8(3) (2006): 157-160, p. 159","source_display":"Charles O. Aluede, 'The Anthropomorphic Attributes of African Musical Instruments: History and Use in Esan, Nigeria,' The Anthropologist 8(3) (2006): 157-160, p. 159","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Carved wood attached to a cord and whirled through the air; exact profile unstated.","function_display":"Midnight land-spirit procession; the sound conveys the presence of spirits; women and children remain indoors.","confidence_display":"medium","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"esan","display_name":"Esan Alimin-Otor land-spirit bullroarer","image":{"full":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/bm_E_Af1962-17-72.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/museum_harvest/thumbs/bm_E_Af1962-17-72_thumb.jpg","alt":"A Yoruba bullroarer of black-stained wood, its cord wound about the blade.","credit":"© The Trustees of the British Museum (E/Af1962-17-72)","license":"CC BY-NC-SA 4.0","source_page":"https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1962-17-72","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"A Yoruba bullroarer of black-stained wood, its cord wound about the blade."},"slug":"aluede2006-001-esan"}