{"id":"ALARCON2024-001","label":"The 'antap's angry roar at Las Tunas","people_or_site":"'Antap ritual society at a Las Tunas fiesta, remembered by María H. (Yokuts, Tejon)","country_current":"United States","historic_region":"California / Tejon country, southern San Joaquin Valley (Las Tunas, not located)","macroregion":"North America / California","local_name":"","source_term":"bullroarer","source_language":"English (with Yokuts and Spanish terms)","object_description":"Bullroarer swung inside the house of the 'antap; form not recorded.","function_summary":"Sounded with violent fluting inside the 'antap house when a gift of the 'antap was mishandled at a fiesta; the fiesta host paid the 'antap so they would not stay angry.","attestation_type":"ethnographic_attestation","source_key":"harrington_yokuts_r94_f334_las_tunas_antap","source_type":"linguistic_manuscript","source_url":"https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMNH-Harrington_mf2_r94_0334&max_w=1800","page_or_plate":"Harrington reel 94, frames 334–335; Alarcón-Jiménez et al. 2024, p. 151","map_confidence":"low","plot_status":"plot_with_caveat","coordinate_basis":"Tejon country anchor (old Tejon Rancheria area): María H.'s community, whose people saw the 'antap at fiestas (Alarcón-Jiménez et al. 2024 p. 151, citing Harrington reel 94 image 453). Las Tunas itself is not located.","jade_complex_role":"","blurb":"At a fiesta at Las Tunas the six 'antap put on their games. Six deer, from a fawn to a full-grown buck, fell dead together when the youngest was shot, though none was real and no one ate the meat. One 'antap carried a stuffed rabbit tied to a stick, which they called their horse, and suddenly handed it to a woman. When her relatives began breaking the stick to burn it, an 'antap scolded them and ran to the 'antap house. At once came violent fluting and the swing of the bullroarer. The fiesta's host went over and paid the 'antap a great deal of money, so they would not stay angry.","pull_quote":"there was straightway heard violent fluting and swing of the bullroarer.","pull_quote_translation":"","pull_quote_cite":"John P. Harrington, Yokuts notes, NAA microfilm reel 94, frame 334","term_gloss":"'antap ('anētapi in Harrington's spelling): the initiated ritual society of the Chumash world, known to Tejon Yokuts from fiestas.","cls":"sacred","class_label":"Sacred / spirit","color":"#8A5A2B","is_candidate":false,"flags":[],"f_jade_complex":false,"f_women_taboo":false,"f_women_special":false,"f_snake":false,"sources":[{"citation":"John P. Harrington papers, Smithsonian National Anthropological Archives, Yokuts, microfilm reel 94, frames 334–335","url":"https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMNH-Harrington_mf2_r94_0334&max_w=1800"},{"citation":"Ana-María Alarcón-Jiménez, Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos and Margarita Díaz-Andreu, 'Ethnohistorical sources in archaeoacoustics research: A case study from South-Central California' (2024), p. 151","url":"https://diposit.ub.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/16677073-064b-4ff4-977e-f83563e5fa8b/content"}],"source_citations":"John P. Harrington papers, Smithsonian National Anthropological Archives, Yokuts, microfilm reel 94, frames 334–335; Ana-María Alarcón-Jiménez, Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos and Margarita Díaz-Andreu, 'Ethnohistorical sources in archaeoacoustics research: A case study from South-Central California' (2024), p. 151","source_display":"John P. Harrington papers, Smithsonian National Anthropological Archives, Yokuts, microfilm reel 94, frames 334–335; Ana-María Alarcón-Jiménez, Raquel Jiménez Pasalodos and Margarita Díaz-Andreu, 'Ethnohistorical sources in archaeoacoustics research: A case study from South-Central California' (2024), p. 151","date_citation_display":"","object_display":"Bullroarer swung inside the house of the 'antap; form not recorded.","function_display":"Sounded with violent fluting inside the 'antap house when a gift of the 'antap was mishandled at a fiesta; the fiesta host paid the 'antap so they would not stay angry.","confidence_display":"low","attestation_label":"ethnographic attestation","etymology_hedge":"","people_key":"antap ritual","display_name":"The 'antap's angry roar at Las Tunas","image":{"full":"assets/objects/BOURKE1892-004_fewkes1903_plXXXV.jpg","thumb":"assets/objects/BOURKE1892-004_fewkes1903_plXXXV_thumb.jpg","alt":"Fewkes’s painted plate of the Ciwikoli katcina, knees bent, swinging a whizzer on a cord above a raised hand.","credit":"J. W. Fewkes, Hopi Katcinas Drawn by Native Artists (21st ARBAE, 1903), pl. XXXV","license":"Public domain (published 1903)","source_page":"https://archive.org/details/hopikatcinasdraw00fewk","rehosted":true,"representative":true,"caption":"Fewkes’s painted plate of the Ciwikoli katcina swinging a whizzer overhead","pool_id":"auto-BOURKE1892-004_fewkes1903_plXXXV","auto_assigned":true,"last_modified":"2026-10-19"},"slug":"alarcon2024-001-antap-ritual-society-at-a-las-tunas-fiesta-remembered-by-maria-h-yokuts-te"}